子母弹子弹散布对目标毁伤概率的影响

研究了子母弹子弹分别为椭圆内均匀分布、椭圆内正态分布、椭圆周上均匀分布和椭圆环内均匀分布几种情况及子弹重叠情况下毁伤效能的计算方法,在营连射击时,对相应的误差进行分组.分别计算和比较了不同散布情况下,子弹对装甲和有生力量目标的毁伤概率,为研究子母弹对目标的毁伤效能提供了有意义的参考价值.     

子弹均匀散布子母弹最有利火力分配方法

在将子弹均匀散布的椭圆区域等效转换为矩形区域的基础上,建立了适宽射向射击子母弹对矩形目标毁伤全概率计算的数学模型。通过函数转换和泛函分析给出了子弹均匀散布子母弹理想射击密度,得到了理想射击密度下对目标的毁伤概率计算公式。讨论了最有利火力分配方式的确定方法,给出了最优射向间隔和表尺差的计算公式,为便于实际应用,给出了最优火力分配计算中所需的3个参数的近似计算公式,最后给出了应用算例。     

炮射子母弹对均匀分布集群目标射击效率计算

将子弹均匀散布椭圆区域等效转换为均匀散布矩形区域,在适宽射向射击条件下,通过对单个目标条件毁伤概率的分析,导出了子母弹对矩形地段上均匀分布的集群目标射击效率计算数学模型。为提高计算效率,采用积分变量代换方法,将子母弹对集群目标射击效率计算由四重积分转化为二重积分。在将母弹散布近似看成正态散布和均匀散布下,给出了射击效率计算的两种对应的近似计算方法。算例表明,模型与方法计算精度较高。     

子母弹首发命中概率

提出了子母弹命中目标的定义,研究了子母弹射击误差的组成、母弹误差和子弹误差的概率分布,射击误差的转换及转换条件,建立了子母弹首发命中概率模型并推导出4种不同条件下子母弹首发命中概率公式,并导出了首发命中概率所满足关系。以算例分析了子母弹的母弹误差、子母的散布误差及目标幅员对子母弹首发命中概率的影响,结论为子母弹射击精度战术技术指标的分析论证及子母弹的射击法则研究提供了基础。     

直升机装备子母弹对坦克群作战的效能分析

分析了几个影响坦克威胁程度的主要因素,采用新的归一化效用函数法,对各目标的威胁程度进行评估,确定智能子母弹的攻击瞄准点.然后建立智能子母弹对目标攻击过程的数学模型及毁伤概率的计算模型,通过蒙特卡洛方法计算各目标命中的子弹数目.综合目标的特性进行多次仿真,得出了子母弹对整个坦克群目标的作战效能.最后模拟实现了整个攻击过程...     

武装直升机装备子母弹作战效能分析

提出了一种分析武装直升机作战效能的方法——概率分析法,并建立了机动目标坦克的数学模型,子弹散布模型,利用蒙特卡罗方法计算了子母弹杀伤概率Ｐ杀伤,并分析了影响武装直升机作战效能的相关因素。     

子母弹子弹落点模拟计算方法

在充分分析子母弹子弹落点规律的基础上,针对在抛撤圆内存在毁伤死区的子弹抛撒情况,构造了子弹的随机抽样公式并对抽样方法进行了改进,使得改进后的子弹落点模拟更加符合子弹的实际落点分布.构建的子弹随机抽样公式适用于任何形式的子弹落点模拟研究,使模型与方法具有较高的军事应用价值.     

子母弹再入段飞行干扰弹道仿真系统设计与实现

建立了分块的子母弹全弹道仿真流程,给出了影响子母弹子弹落点散布的三类再入段干扰因素,并提出了干扰因素的基本分析方法,最后对子母弹再入段飞行干扰弹道仿真系统的设计方案进行了总结。结果表明,该仿真系统可以弹道的不同阶段为入口进行不同导弹飞行段的弹道解算,通过设置不同的干扰因素,可进行多因素对子弹落点散布影响研究,为子母弹子弹落点散布规律的研究提供技术支撑。     

子母弹子弹飞行稳定性研究

子母弹子弹弹道稳定性对于子弹引信解除保险和子弹终点毁伤意义重大。本文的目的是研究子母弹子弹开舱与抛撒环境,建立子弹弹道运动数学模型,分析子弹运动状态和影响子弹稳定性的主要因素,提出改善子弹飞行稳定性的技术措施,以提高子母弹子弹的作用可靠性。     

战术导弹打击机场跑道毁伤概率

在分析了导弹打击机场后毁伤评估标准和技术现状的基础上,阐明了评估指标及方法,针对军用机场的特点选择打击跑道为攻击目标,分析了战役战术导弹母弹的落点规律和子弹散布规律,瞄准点的选择方法,并进行了毁伤概率计算,基于最小起降窗口概念,实现了给定机场目标和毁伤等级要求下导弹型号的最优选择,最少导弹消耗量预测.并通过实例进行了验证实验.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.