双机协同导弹指令修正中制导技术

导弹协同制导是提高中远距导弹作战效能的有效潜在途径之一.基于中远距雷达导弹中制导对载机的强依赖性问题,研究双机协同导弹中制导方法.首先,根据双机协同制导的原理建立双机协同制导的数学模型,给出修正指令的矢量计算方法;其次,对双机协同制导的误差进行建模分析,给出系统误差修正方法和随机误差计算方法;最后,对协同制导模型和制导精度进行仿真,仿真表明所建立协同中制导模型的可行性.     

SAR成像末制导交接班问题研究

将SAR成像末制导划分为4个阶段,建立了交接班问题的弹目几何模型,分析了交接班满足的2个条件,即目标被可靠检测和成像斜视角要求;设计了成像交接班转弯弹道,分析了导弹横向机动加速度和预置的成像前置角对交接班耗用时间的影响;采用三维制导律研究了SAR成像到前向打击的交接班,分析了SAR成像时间对总制导时间的影响.仿真结果表明,合理设置成像斜视角,提高聚束SAR成像的检测概率,增大交接班时导弹横向加速度,可有效提高成像交接班成功率;SAR成像时间越长,对目标识别越有利,同时也使末端攻击弹道曲率越大,SAR末制导总的攻击时间越长.     

前传协同制导交接环节的导弹指示信息的解算

针对协同制导交接时的导弹指示问题,利用坐标变换及时空配准等方法,通过对协同信息处理设备的讨论以及导弹指示信息解算模型的分析,建立了平面解算模型与椭球面解算模型两种坐标变换解算模型.对两种模型的求解方法分别进行了说明.对各种模型的解算效果进行了仿真计算及比较分析.所得模型及解算方法对协同制导作战有一定的理论和实践意义.     

反临近空间高超声速目标拦截弹中末制导交接班窗口

在视线旋转坐标系下建立拦截弹与目标的相对运动方程,分析采用纯比例导引律捕获高超声速目标的充分条件,并推导出在交接班处的最优拦截几何,即零控拦截流型。定性分析了拦截弹速度、高度、导引头特性以及末制导捕获条件等在中末制导交接班时所受到的限制,在此基础上定义了中末制导交接班窗口的概念,并介绍了交接班捕获窗口的影响因素、用途、特性以及计算步骤。以纯比例导引律拦截高速目标为例,定量描述了交接班捕获窗口和零控交接班区域,并通过数字仿真实验验证了交接班捕获窗口的合理性。     

舰空导弹协同制导路径优化问题研究

协同制导可以大大改善超视距舰空导弹的作战空域.在网络中心制导中,为了合理选择协同制导平台,提出了协同制导平台选择的指标,将协同制导平台表示为图论中的节点,利用图论中求最短路径的方法分析单因素最优时的制导路径,采用层次分析法求解多因素约束下的最优路径.最后通过实例分析模型的应用,根据不同协同制导路径的权重,指挥员可以作出最优的选择.     

舰空导弹协同制导杀伤区建立研究*

针对舰空导弹协同制导杀伤区的建立问题,给出了协同制导杀伤区的定义,分析了协同制导杀伤区的影响因素,建立了基于目标与导弹位置关系的协同制导舰空导弹杀伤区计算模型,并在不同初始条件下进行仿真,结果表明,协同制导能增大舰空导弹的杀伤区范围,建立的协同制导杀伤区计算方法是一种有效的方法。     

基于典型弹道的反导导弹制导方式分析

针对典型的导弹弹道仿真,通过对反导导弹的几种备选制导律进行了参数调试和数字仿真,设计了初、中制导方案,通过数字仿真给出了弹道规划,明确了允许的发射条件。同时,分析了各方案主要的制导信息误差及其影响,针对高斯噪声误差模型提出了制导信息误差指标。最终确定了较优制导方案。该方案经数字仿真验证具有较优的攻击区性能,攻击区较大、发射条件约束较为宽松,以当前的技术水平有望实现。     

合同网多平台协同制导任务分配模型

分析了分布式平台协同制导任务分配问题,指出该问题属于复杂分布式系统实时动态任务分配问题.建立了协同制导平台管理Agent结构,并利用合同网的思想建立了协同制导任务分配模型.该模型可实现多次协同制导任务的实时动态分配,为实现多平台协同制导作战奠定了基础.     

编队协同防空制导阵位配置与交接区仿真研究

协同制导是编队协同防空作战中的一种重要作战手段,制导交接又是协同制导中的关键环节,首先详细分析了舰艇编队协同制导的控制流程以及协同制导的交接方式,然后对协同制导中协同平台的阵位配置区和制导交接区分析了约束条件,进行了数学建模与仿真分析。结果表明,只有发射平台、协同平台的相对位置以及制导交接时导弹所处的空域满足一定要求,才能顺利完成制导交接。     

编队协同防空制导阵位配置与交接区仿真

协同制导是编队协同防空作战中的一种重要作战手段,制导交接又是协同制导中的关键环节,首先详细分析了舰艇编队协同制导的控制流程以及协同制导的交接方式,然后对协同制导中协同平台的阵位配置区和制导交接区分析了约束条件,进行了数学建模与仿真分析。结果表明,只有发射平台、协同平台的相对位置以及制导交接时导弹所处的空域满足一定要求,才能顺利完成制导交接。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.