基于系统构型替换的固冲发动机故障模式半实物仿真

为全面快速验证冲压发动机的故障检测算法,基于构型替换建立了能模拟多种固冲发动机故障的仿真验证平台。基于此平台,搭建了发动机点火故障模型、压强传感器故障模型、设备接口模型,以及与真实控制器中检测算法具有相同外部接口和系统构型的故障检测算法模型等。通过系统构型的切换,将同一个故障模式注入故障检测算法模型和真实发动机系统,并通过对比同一组故障模式下故障检测模型检测结果与发动机控制系统检测结果,来对发动机控制器中的故障检测算法进行快速验证。以无喷管助推器点火的检测为例,讲述了该方法的建模、实验验证及分析过程,此外,该方法还能应用到无喷管助推器关机、进气道前后堵盖打开、燃气发生器点火、燃气流量容错控制等多个故障模式的仿真模拟与验证,具有很强的通用性,能大大地降低控制系统开发与验证的时间成本,具有很强的应用价值。     

捷联惯测系统总体性能测试和故障分离法

该文提出了一种实用的捷联惯测系统总体性能测试和故障分离方法。这种方法不仅能够快速确定捷联惯测系统总体性能的好坏,而且一旦判定系统存在故障还能迅速进行故障分离,进一步确定故障部位。     

组合导航系统故障检测技术研究

提出了一种新的故障检测算法。该算法由联合滤波器的全局估计与各局部估计之差 ,得到残差序列 ,通过残差 χ2 检验 ,来判别系统是否出现了故障。同时进一步讨论了故障分离方法。数值仿真及实际应用结果表明 ,该算法能有效地检测出组合导航系统的故障 ,保证了系统的安全性和可靠性。     

基于OCSVM和MCSVM的新故障检测与诊断技术研究

针对SVM故障诊断方法无法对新故障模式进行有效检测的问题,在阐述OCSVM原理的基础上,详细分析了各种参数对其性能的影响,提出了基于OCSVM和多类分类MCSVM相结合的新故障检测与诊断方法．实验结果表明,该算法在故障诊断及新故障检测方面有较高的精度,具有良好的推广性．     

测试点的选取问题

在故障检测的过程中 ,每个测试点检测需要的时间可能不同。本文研究了如何选取一些测试点 ,使得这些测试点可以检测所有故障 ,而所需时间最少的问题。我们将其转化成整数规划问题 ,并给出一个求解算法 .最后给出一个实例对算法加以说明。     

基于滑窗自适应的故障估计与补偿及其在组合导航系统中的应用

针对以往方法对缓变故障存在较大的故障检测延时,从而降低导航系统可靠性的问题,实时的故障估计及补偿十分必要。将故障动力学建模为随机过程,提出了一种基于不准确状态和测量噪声协方差矩阵自适应学习的滑动窗口变分自适应卡尔曼滤波器。它由前向卡尔曼滤波、后向卡尔曼平滑和噪声协方差矩阵的在线估计组成。通过对滑动窗口状态向量的平滑后验分布进行逼近,利用变分贝叶斯方法将噪声协方差矩阵的后验分布解析更新为逆Wishart分布,避免了不动点迭代,获得了良好的计算效率。最后,基于捷联惯导/卫星(SINS/GPS)组合导航系统,进行了导航系统的故障估计及补偿的仿真验证。仿真结果表明,在不需要了解量测噪声和故障系数矩阵的情况下,该方法能够较好地估计出目标故障信号,然后利用估计出来的故障值对导航系统进行补偿,极大地提高了SINS/GPS组合导航系统的实时估计精度与可靠性。     

多模自适应滤波算法的性能改进方法

多模自适应滤波算法基于已知的故障情况设计出一组卡尔曼滤波器预测系统对给定输入的响应,根据卡尔曼滤波器的预测输出和系统的测量值确定各滤波器的残差,从而检测出系统是否发生故障及其故障类型.采用传统的多模自适应滤波算法检测故障时会有一定的时间延迟,不利于系统故障的实时检测,因此提出了几种减少多模自适应算法故障检测时间的方法,并将其应用于某无人机执行器和传感器的故障检测和识别,仿真结果证明可以有效地减少故障检测时间.     

基于模糊熵与方向相似度的液体火箭发动机故障检测

先定义系统的广义模糊熵及其计算公式，再给出滑动数据窗口中采样数据矢量方向分布中心的离散度定义及其与模糊熵之间的负指数解析关系，并基于离散度概念对自适应窗口滤波器进行了改进，提高了滤波器对噪声的敏感度以及故障检测算法对强干扰噪声环境的鲁棒性。同时，根据滑动数据窗口中二模糊聚类数据中心矢量方向相似度的变化来监示发动机系统故障的发展趋势。本文基于受强噪声环境干扰的实际试车数据并用自组织模糊聚类算法作为滑动数据窗口上的聚类算法进行了数字仿真试验。仿真结果表明：基于模糊熵的故障检测算法具有对强噪声环境的鲁棒性，是低信噪比环境下的一种客观的故障检测算法。     

液体火箭发动机基于模型的故障检测算法

针对泵压式供应系统液体火箭发动机的故障监控问题,建立了用于发动机故障检测的非线性动态数学模型,设计并实现了发动机系统的广义卡尔曼滤波器。利用新息序列的统计特性,进行了发动机故障新息检测算法的仿真研究,讨论了降低滤波器计算费用的方法以及置信度、自由度对检测算法性能的影响。本文的工作为进一步研究发动机故障在线实时检测算法奠定了重要基础。     

惯组动态测试台误差分析及附加运动补偿算法

为了完成惯组的高精度、大动态测试任务,基于Gough-Stewart平台设计了电动六自由度惯组动态测试台。建立了系统的误差模型并分析了电动缸长度误差对系统精度的影响,分析了电动缸在惯组动态测试台运动过程中产生的被动螺旋附加运动,并对该运动补偿算法进行了研究。对被动螺旋附加运动产生的误差进行量化分析,结果表明,被动螺旋附加运动对惯组动态测试台的位姿精度存在非常显著的影响。为了消除该影响,编制了补偿算法,并将其应用于惯组动态测试台的实时控制系统中。实验结果表明,经过算法补偿后,惯组动态测试台的位姿精度达到了设计指标要求。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.