北斗GEO卫星用户算法的改进方法

针对北斗GEO用户算法需要进行5°倾角的坐标旋转处理这一过程,提出了采用经典广播星历参数用户算法直接解算北斗GEO卫星位置的改进方法,并同时给出了相应的基于第二类无奇点根数的广播星历拟合算法。该算法采用第二类无奇点轨道根数代替经典轨道根数,解决了由GEO轨道的小倾角特性引起的经典广播星历参数拟合过程中法化矩阵奇异的问题。从而避免了北斗GEO用户算法中坐标旋转处理过程,减少了GEO用户算法的计算步骤。仿真表明,提出的改进方法在卫星轨道拟合过程中与原算法精度相当;在卫星轨道外推过程中与原算法相比略有精度损失,但仍满足用户导航定位精度的需求。采用实际北斗GEO星历解算的轨道数据验证了改进算法的有效性。     

北斗GEO卫星用户算法的改进方法研究*

针对北斗GEO用户算法需要进行5?倾角的坐标旋转处理这一过程,本文提出了采用经典广播星历参数用户算法直接解算北斗GEO卫星位置的改进方法,并同时给出了相应的基于第二类无奇点根数的广播星历拟合算法。该算法采用第二类无奇点轨道根数代替经典轨道根数,解决了由GEO轨道的小倾角特性引起的经典广播星历参数拟合过程中法化矩阵奇异的问题。从而避免了北斗GEO用户算法中坐标旋转处理过程,减少了GEO用户算法的计算步骤。经过仿真验证,本文提出的改进方法在卫星轨道拟合过程中与原算法精度相当;在卫星轨道外推过程中与原算法相比略有精度损失,但仍满足用户导航定位精度的需求。最后,采用实际北斗GEO星历解算的轨道数据验证了改进算法的有效性。     

海洋拖曳系统运动方程的变步长有限差分数值仿真

有限差分算法是常用的海洋拖曳系统运动仿真计算方法,传统的有限差分算法在对拖缆进行离散时,采用固定空间步长,为了提高数值计算的精度,通常需要减小空间步长,这既增加了计算时间,又浪费了计算机内存,甚至造成无法仿真一些工况。针对这一问题,提出了变步长有限差分数值算法,给出了步长变化的设定原则与算法,在建立海洋拖曳系统运动模型的基础上,系统分析了这一方法的求解思想与过程,并分别采用传统固定步长有限差分算法(大空间步长和小空间步长)和变步长有限差分算法,对模型进行了数值仿真,结果表明:变步长有限差分算法不仅保证了仿真计算精度,而且降低了计算机内存需求量,减少了计算时间。此外,变步长有限差分算法具有较高的灵活性,可根据实际情况,综合考虑计算时间、内存需求量和计算结果精度,从而选择合适的空间步长变化规律。     

七阶球面单形-径向容积卡尔曼滤波方法

针对传统低阶容积卡尔曼滤波非线性滤波精度较低的问题,提出一种基于七阶球面单形-径向容积准则的高阶容积卡尔曼滤波算法。将非线性函数的高斯加权积分分解为球面积分和径向积分,采用基于正则单形变换群的七阶球面单形准则计算球面积分,使用矩匹配法求积分准则计算径向积分,推导出七阶球面单形-径向容积求积分准则。将准则代入一般非线性滤波框架,得到七阶球面单形-径向容积卡尔曼滤波算法。仿真表明,算法可获得高于传统三阶、五阶CKF的估计精度。具有较好的前景与应用价值。     

地心甚高轨道星座构形协同捕获控制策略

针对地心甚高轨道星座构形协同捕获控制问题,基于虚拟编队方法设计了协同捕获控制策略,采用三脉冲燃耗最优轨迹规划算法对构形捕获轨迹进行协同规划;并且结合自适应全程积分滑模控制器对卫星各自转移轨迹进行跟踪控制。以10万km轨道高度的三星星座构形捕获为例进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明:该策略可以有效应用于地心甚高轨道星座构形捕获控制,能够在燃耗较少的情况下使星座中卫星同时到达各自的标称位置,同时具有较高的精度。     

综合火控系统对地轰炸精度分析仿真

针对航空轰炸武器火控系统精度分析问题,分别建立了数值微分算法和蒙特卡洛算法模型,并开发了仿真分析软件.给出了两种模型的推导过程,以及微分步长的优化方法.利用本算法软件对某型火控系统进行精度分析仿真,并对多组典型投弹条件的仿真结果进行分析.结果表明,两种算法优势互补,能有效地对火控系统进行精度分析,对改进系统设计、提高系...     

龙格-库塔方法在雷达射线描迹中的应用

求解雷达射线的轨迹,以确定目标的真实空间位置,对雷达定位系统而言具有极其重要的意义.通常雷达射线的描迹采用积分算法求解射线描迹方程,但其效率低而且计算量大.龙格-库塔方法是求解常微分方程的有效数值方法,其中的四阶龙格-库塔方法具有精度高,程序简单,计算过程稳定,易于调节步长等优点,若采用此种方法对射线描迹方程进行求解,则可以避免积分算法的不足.通过计算实例,将不同条件下的数值计算结果与国军标数据进行对比,以确定这一算法的精度及有效性.     

地月转移轨道设计的改进微分校正方法

地月转移轨道设计是探月关键技术之一,微分校正法是公认的解决非线性迭代问题的有效方法。针对探月任务中地月转移轨道设计精度高、计算速度快等要求,提出一种改进的微分校正快速设计方法。该方法基于DE405/LE405星历数据下日、地、月和地球J2项摄动真实轨道动力学模型,推导了近月点和入轨点设计参数偏导数关系,在积分轨道状态量的同时积分微分校正矩阵,用积分得到的准确微分校正矩阵求逆,快速迭代得到轨道设计结果。仿真结果表明,利用该方法设计地月转移轨道收敛速度远优于同等精度动力学模型—序列二次规划算法。     

基于小波去噪半参数回归模型的卫星轨道测量数据预处理方法

由于卫星轨道测量数据中含有非线性误差,使用传统的最小二乘多项式拟合方法对其进行预处理必然会降低定轨精度.在半参数回归模型的基础上,应用小波阈值去噪算法估计并消除观测数据中存在的非线性误差,提出了基于小波去噪半参数回归模型的卫星轨道测量数据预处理方法,以提高数据预处理的精度.对某卫星USB跟踪数据应用该方法进行了仿真,仿真结果表明:该方法可以分离出观测数据中的白噪声和非线性误差,从而可以在观测数据中消除非线性误差的影响,提高数据预处理的精度.     

超声速燃烧流的双时间步计算方法研究

发展了模拟非定常超声速燃烧流场的隐式双时间步方法。采用时间分裂法对流动和反应进行解耦处理,流动方程组由双时间步方法求解,内迭代过程采用LU-SGS方法;反应源项方程组通过隐式二阶梯形公式求解。分析了时间分裂格式和时间步长对计算结果的影响,结果显示:一阶时间精度的分裂格式会略微高估化学效率,应该采用二阶时间精度的分裂格式;时间步长的选取对计算结果影响显著,为了保证解耦算法的计算精度,时间步长应足够小以能够较准确捕捉到主导各种输运过程的大尺度涡团的非定常行为。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.