Special materials in pyrotechnics VII: Pyrotechnics used in thermal batteries

Thermal batteries are unique direct current (DC) electrical power sources with long shelf live, high reliability and higher power density than classical alkaline batteries. This paper gives a brief overview into the working principle of thermal batteries and reviews the properties of zirconium/barium chromate (Zr/BaCrO₄) pyrolant previously used as first fire and iron/potassium perchlorate (Fe/KClO₄) pyrolant (Heat), commonly applied as heating pellet in thermal batteries and its hazard properties. The review gives 64 references to the public domain. CAS-Nos. Zr: [7440-67-7], BaCrO₄: [10294-40-3], Fe: [7439-89-6], KClO₄: [7778-74-7], Viton: [9011-17-0].CAS-Nos. Zr: [7440-67-7], BaCrO₄: [10294-40-3], Fe: [7439-89-6], KClO₄: [7778-74-7], Viton: [9011-17-0].     

单片集成传输线——共面耦合线、共面耦合带线及矩形微屏蔽的共面耦合线的新研究

本文首次提出将一些新型的微加工共面传输线用于ＭＭＩＣ设计。这些共面传输线分别是共面耦合线（ＣＣＬ）、共面耦合带线（ＣＣＳ）、矩形微屏蔽共面耦合线（ＲＭＣＣＬ）、共面耦合矩形微屏蔽线（ＣＣＲＭＬ）。推导出用于计算这些传输线的ＴＥＭ参数的解析公式,其推导方法为基于ＴＥＭ模假设,用精确的保用变换。数字结果显示了各种共面耦合传输线的性质。     

A generalized model for the economic design of x̄control charts for production systems with increasing failure rate and early replacement

This article generalizes the model for the economic design of x̄-control charts of Duncan [4], starting from the more recent papers of Lorenzen and Vance [8] and Banerjee and Rahim [3]. The classical model of Duncan [4] and its several extensions including the unified model of Lorenzen and Vance [8] assumed exponentially distributed in-control periods and provided uniform sampling schemes. Banerjee and Rahim [3], however, assumed a Weibull-distributed in-control period having an increasing failure rate and used variable sampling intervals. The present article is an extension of the work of Banerjee and Rahim [3], where a general distribution of in-control periods having an increasing failure rate is assumed and the possibility of age-dependent repair before failure is considered. Several different truncated and nontruncated probability models are chosen. It is proposed that economic benefits can be achieved by adopting a nonuniform inspection scheme and by truncating a production cycle when it attains a certain age. Numerical examples are presented to support this proposition. Finally, the effect of model specification in the choice of failure mechanism is investigated. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A special case of the 3 × n flow shop problem

Johnson [2] in 1954 solved the two machine flow shop problem by giving an argument for a sufficient condition of optimality and by stating an efficient algorithm which produces a solution via satisfaction of the sufficient condition. Moreover, Johnson solved two special cases of the corresponding three machine flow shop problem. Since that time, six other special cases have been solved, two contributed by Arthanari and Mukhopadhyay [1], two by Smith, Panwalkar, and Dudek [3], and two of a different nature by Szwarc [5]. This paper contributes an extension to one of the classes described by Szwarc.     

The procurement problem: An integer programming problem well suited to a solution using duality

A procurement problem, as formulated by Murty [10], is that of determining how many pieces of equipment units of each of m types are to be purchased and how this equipment is to be distributed among n stations so as to maximize profit, subject to a budget constraint. We have considered a generalization of Murty's procurement problem and developed an approach using duality to exploit the special structure of this problem. By using our dual approach on Murty's original problem, we have been able to solve large problems (1840 integer variables) with very modest computational effort. The main feature of our approach is the idea of using the current evaluation of the dual problem to produce a good feasible solution to the primal problem. In turn, the availability of good feasible solutions to the primal makes it possible to use a very simple subgradient algorithm to solve the dual effectively.     

A note comparing glover's and young's simplified primal algorithms

Glover and Young, References [4] and [8], respectively, present convergent primal integer programming algorithms. The algorithm outlined in Young's paper (which was deliberately specialized) is shown to be a special case of the Glover algorithm under his acceptable source row selection, Rule 1.     

A replacement schedule for multicomponent life-limited parts

In previous papers [1], [2] the authors developed a maintenance policy for a single life-limited part. Using an opportunistic replacement approach a scheme was devised which utilized early replacement of equipment to offset more costly future expenditures. This paper will extend the results to the multicomponent case. Examples are given illustrating the benefits of this new technique.     

Scheduling to minimize the weighted sum of completion times with secondary criteria

A result of Smith previously published in this journal [3], on the use of secondary criteria in scheduling problems, is shown to be incorrect and a counter example is presented. Heck and Roberts [2] suggested that their paper would be extended in the same way Smith's algorithm was. A new algorithm is given that converges to a local optimum for both problems.     

A note on the extension of a result on scheduling with secondary criteria

A result of Smith previously published in this journal [3], on the use of secondary criterion in scheduling problems is extended, and an example presented.     

超空间上连续函数的存在性

本文对[1]中二个未曾解决的问题作了较详细的研究,并以定理3和定理4对它们作出了圆满的解答;同时,得到一些有意义的重要结论。     

Context 的非单调推理

基于文［１］定义的ｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ逻辑ＣＬ,本文分别引入限制理论和缺省理论到ｃｏｎ－ｔｅｘｔ推理中,给出有关的定义和定理。     

Banach空间中集值测度的表示定理

本文提出了用向量测度及概率测度生成集值测度的方法,推广了文[1]的结果,并给出了有界闭凸集值测度由一族等比向量测度生成的充要条件。     

Choosing arrival process models for service systems: Tests of a nonhomogeneous Poisson process

Service systems such as call centers and hospital emergency rooms typically have strongly time‐varying arrival rates. Thus, a nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) is a natural model for the arrival process in a queueing model for performance analysis. Nevertheless, it is important to perform statistical tests with service system data to confirm that an NHPP is actually appropriate, as emphasized by Brown et al. [8]. They suggested a specific statistical test based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) statistic after exploiting the conditional‐uniform (CU) property to transform the NHPP into a sequence of i.i.d. random variables uniformly distributed on [0,1] and then performing a logarithmic transformation of the data. We investigate why it is important to perform the final data transformation and consider what form it should take. We conduct extensive simulation experiments to study the power of these alternative statistical tests. We conclude that the general approach of Brown et al. [8] is excellent, but that an alternative data transformation proposed by Lewis [22], drawing upon Durbin [10], produces a test of an NHPP test with consistently greater power. We also conclude that the KS test after the CU transformation, without any additional data transformation, tends to be best to test against alternative hypotheses that primarily differ from an NHPP only through stochastic and time dependence. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 66–90, 2014     

静磁场Dirichlet问题

本文以单调算子理论为基础,应用文献［１］中得到的静磁场Ｂ－Ｈ的几个不等式证明了静磁场Ｄｉｒｉｃｈｌｅｔ问题广义解的存在与唯一性,并证明了静磁场Ｄｉｒｉｃｈｌｅｔ问题相应泛函的极小值的存在性,得出主要结论如定理３．１和定理３．２。     

移位算子是近次正常算子的充要条件

本文在文献[1]工作的基础上,给出单侧加权移位算子是近次正常算子的充要条件,它们是通过移位算子的权序列性质来刻画的。     

联合补充博弈的费用分摊

就一个仓库、多个零售商,对联合订货费用函数的模型进行分析,给出了一个求解最佳订货周期的多项式时间的算法,且算法的时间复杂性为O（nlogn）。利用文献[8]中的技巧,给出了该库存博弈的核。     

具有最佳汉明相关性能的跳频序列族

在非正交跳频扩展频谱多址通信系统中用作跳频图样的P~k进制序列族要求具有小的汉明互相关。文[1]中得到了给定长度和字母表大小的序列的异相自相关及互相关的下限,并构造了具有最佳汉明相关性能的序列族。本文中提出一种更一般的构造方法,文[1]的构造是它的一个特例。构造出的序列族具有最佳汉明相关性能,并且可部分解决Hop—and—Stay问题。     

有源噪声控制的新近进展（Ⅱ）

从一般封闭空间、混响声场的有源控制及控制器结构与算法三个方面对有源噪声控制进行了评述,并对今后的研究趋势提出了展望。     

火炮射表数据处理计算步骤和程序框图

本文是文献［１—３］的继续,主要研究火炮射表数据处理算法的计算步骤和程序设计框图。这两个内容是正确进行程序设计、分析和使用的重要环节。     

A good simple percentile estimator of the weibull shape parameter for use when all three parameters are unknown

In this paper we consider a simple three-order-statistic asymptotically unbiased estimator of the Weibull shape parameter c for the case in which all three parameters are unknown. Optimal quantiles that minimize the asymptotic variance of this estimator, c? are determined and shown to depend only on the true (unknown) shape parameter value c and in a rather insensitive way. Monte Carlo studies further verified that, in practice where the true shape parameter c is unknown, using always c? with the optimal quantities that correspond to c = 2.0 produces estimates, c?, remarkably close to the theoretical optimal. A second stage estimation procedure, namely recalculating c? based on the optimal quantiles corresponding to c?, was not worth the additional effort. Benchmark simulation comparisons were also made with the best percentile estimator of Zanakis [20] and with a new estimator of Wyckoff, Bain and Engelhardt [18], one that appears to be the best of proposed closed-form estimators but uses all sample observations. The proposed estimator, c?, should be of interest to practitioners having limited resources and to researchers as a starting point for more accurate iterative estimation procedures. Its form is independent of all three Weibull parameters and, for not too large sample sizes, it requires the first, last and only one other (early) ordered observation. Practical guidelines are provided for choosing the best anticipated estimator of shape for a three-parameter Weibull distribution under different circumstances.