逻辑靶场对象建模方法研究

逻辑靶场采用基于公共的体系结构标准、对象模型、软件平台和高速通信网络,集成了单个或多个靶场的各种资源,形成逻辑上的大型综合靶场,为诸军兵种联合训练提供了多靶场合成能力。分析了逻辑靶场的系统结构,定义了逻辑靶场对象元模型,提出了逻辑靶场对象模型开发应遵循的技术过程和面向对象分析与设计原则。     

基于靶场的联合试验训练系统

为了构建满足联合试验与训练任务的联合靶场试验训练系统,文章在分析靶场试验训练需求和借鉴试验与训练使能体系结构(TENA)思想的基础上,提出了基于靶场的联合试验训练系统体系结构,介绍了该系统体系结构的特点和组成,详细阐述了联合试验训练系统的主要功能设计.实际使用结果表明,该系统能够有效整合靶场资源、建立基本的逻辑靶场体系,为联合靶场试验训练系统的后续发展提供较好的技术支撑.     

电子信息作战训练方法

电子信息作战训练是提高打赢信息化战争能力的必然要求.分析了实兵实抗训练的局限,总结了计算机模拟训练及其与实兵实抗训练相结合的一体化训练的内涵和国内外现状,从系统体系结构设计、通用对象模型开发和网关设计与实现等方面探讨了基于试验训练使能架构(TENA)逻辑靶场的建设方法.     

开展多靶场联合试验的思考

面对武器装备成体系发展的要求,单一靶场受条件限制很难实现全面有效地考核和检验武器装备及其体系作战效能,多靶场联合试验成为新形势下试验鉴定工作创新发展的必然趋势。分析了开展多靶场联合试验的必要性,探讨了多靶场联合试验的基本内涵和特征;最后,从联合试验理论创新、机制政策建设、联合试验技术突破、靶场任务试点实践等方面,提出了推动我军多靶场联合试验的对策和建议。     

美军靶场发展模式

通过研究美军靶场数十年的建设历程,总结了美军靶场独立试验、联合试验和试验训练一体化三种不同的发展模式及其特点。在此基础上立足我军靶场的自身定位,提出了通过拓展靶场职能、整合试验与训练资源,建设一体化试验训练联合靶场的发展思路。     

美军装备一体化试验与评价技术发展

文章首先介绍了美军装备试验与评价发展进程的三个阶段,对美军装备试验与评价管理机构改革及装备试验基础设施联合能力建设与改造计划进行介绍,然后重点介绍了为"逻辑靶场"概念提供支持的"试验与训练使能体系结构(TENA)",对其定义的顶层视图和系统体系结构进行了详细说明。     

数字孪生靶场总体框架设计与关键技术

随着靶场向试验训练一体化的发展,靶场的职能从考核单一的武器装备,向考核整个作战体系转变。为构建逼真体系级试验训练环境,在现有的靶场框架下引入数字孪生体的概念,提出了以构建完整的作战体系数字镜像为目标的数字孪生靶场的总体框架,分析了智慧测控、计算试验、智能决策、作战云等关键技术,并给出了水下攻防数字孪生靶场应用案例,为实现大规模、高频次实兵对抗条件下的体系级试验训练提供参考。     

美军试验训练结合状况

试验和训练是战斗力形成过程中的两个重要环节,两者的有机结合可以加速战斗力的形成.文章从靶场试验、战场环境以及逻辑靶场三个方面研究了美军的试验训练结合状况,最后得出了结论.     

TENA-HLA网关实现方法

在以TENA为公共体系结构的逻辑靶场中,为有效利用靶场界大量现有的HLA仿真资源,需要开发TENA-HLA网关.通过分析逻辑靶场的运作过程,明确了逻辑靶场运作过程中TENA网络和HLA网络具体交互的信息类型和方式,据此划分了TENA-HLA网关实现的功能模块,并介绍了网关实现的关键点,进一步开发了TENA-HLA网关原型,最后阐述了TENA-HLA网关在逻辑靶场运作中的典型服务过程,对逻辑靶场的开发和实现提供了重要的技术支撑.     

武器装备联合试验环境构建关键技术

联合作战已成为未来主要作战形态,联合作战需要联合试验来检验武器系统乃至体系的整体性能、作战效能。联合试验环境是开展联合试验的基础。不同体系结构、不同类型的异构靶场试验资源互连互操作是构建联合试验环境的基本特征。通过网关实现不同对象模型的转换,是构建联合试验环境的主流手段。分析了当前网关的"点对点"式和"总线"式两种主要实现机制;综述了网关描述语言、网关性能评价标准、网关映射语言和通用对象模型和WebLVC等关键技术,作为网关未来发展方向以支持联合试验环境的构建。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.