浅谈高层建筑竖向疏散通道防排烟问题

烟气毒害是阻碍人员疏散和实施救援行动、致使人员伤亡的主要原因之一,因此,做好高层建筑的防排烟设计,提高防排烟系统的实际效用,有着极其重要的意义。分析了高层建筑防排烟设计的重要性,并以竖向疏散通道防排烟系统设置为例,介绍了高层建筑防排烟设计工作中存在的问题以及相应的改善策略。     

高层建筑防排烟系统常见问题探析

针对高层建筑防排烟系统常见问题,从风口的设置、自然排烟窗的设置及开窗面积、风机的选用、裙房以及分段楼梯的正压送风系统设计等方面进行了分析,探讨了相应的解决办法,并提出了高层建筑防排烟系统设计与消防审核中应注意的其他问题。     

建筑防排烟系统存在问题及对策

结合火灾烟气蔓延扩散的客观规律和防排烟工程的实际状况,分析了建筑防排烟工程存在的几个共性问题及其危害,剖析了出现这些问题的根本原因,提出了尽快制定一部统一的《防排烟系统设计规范》、加强防排烟系统的设计、施工队伍监督管理和部件质量管理的对策。     

中庭防排烟系统性能化设计探析

阐述中庭防排烟性能化设计的具体过程 ,并对防排烟系统设计的运用进行举例。     

消防验收及审查排烟系统的问题分析与探讨

通过分析消防验收与消防审查排烟系统存在的问题,提出解决方法。排烟口较多的排烟系统,应加大排烟量;排烟支管较长,风管阻力较大的竖向排烟系统,排烟竖井宜内置风管。排烟风管应采用角钢法兰连接,不应采用薄钢板法兰风管;防火阀单独设置支吊架,与防火隔断间采用防火风管。     

地下建筑防排烟系统设置问题探讨

根据地下建筑安全出口少、密闭性好、通风条件差等建筑结构和形式的特殊性,结合地下建筑发生火灾阴燃时间长、燃烧速度慢,烟气、毒气量大、高热烟气蔓延迅速等特点,通过对地下建筑防排烟系统等消防设计、施工常见问题进行归纳、汇总,分析研究防排烟系统在设计和施工中存在的缺陷和不足,试研究、优化地下建筑防排烟系统设计方案和措施,切实发挥地下建筑防排烟设施的防灭火功效。     

大型家具商场防排烟设计探讨

以基本概念为基础,从应用技术角度出发,有针对性地对大型家具商场的排烟方式的选择、防烟分区的划分和排烟系统设计要点进行了分析,旨在探讨完善大型家具商场防排烟系统设计所需的必要条件,以期对大型家具商场防排烟设计、审核及施工管理等工作起到一定的帮助作用。     

机械排烟系统控制问题探讨

分析了机械排烟系统的有关控制问题,对排烟风机和排烟防火阀的有关问题进行了探讨,提出了优化机械排烟系统的一些措施。     

基于正交试验法的大型舰船机库机械排烟系统的优化设计

为保证大型舰船机库机械排烟系统的排烟效果,利用正交试验法对多组机械排烟方案进行了数值仿真试验,通过对试验所得数据的极差分析得到了机械排烟系统的最佳配置方案,对比试验验证了机械排烟系统优选方案的有效性。     

自然排烟设计中应注意的问题

自然排烟作为一种投资低廉、技术依赖性弱的防排烟方式在工程实践中被广泛采用,但在自然排烟的设计和施工中出现了许多不能真正实现防排烟功能的问题。从自然排烟口位置的设置、开启方式及自然排烟口面积的设计三个方面对自然排烟设计工程实践中存在的问题及改进的方法进行了探索性分析,为自然排烟设计提供了依据。     

On a search for a moving target

We consider the problem of searching for a target that moves in discrete time and space according to some Markovian process. At each time, a searcher attempts to detect the target. If the searcher's action at each time is such as to maximize his chances of immediate detection, we call his strategy “myopic.” We provide a computationally useful necessary condition for optimality, and use it to provide an example wherein the myopic strategy is not optimal.     

谈核电站火灾自动报警系统的特殊配置

结合核电站火灾危险的特殊性,阐述了核电站常规岛中网控楼、蓄电池室、汽轮机厂房、电缆隧道、输变电变压器等建筑的火灾自动报警系统设备的特殊配置及选用特点,以发挥火灾自动报警系统的监控作用。     

Between a rock and a hard place: Europe in a post-INF world

The end of the 1987 Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty has the potential to plunge Europe and NATO into deep crisis. Russia’s continued violation coupled with the Donald J. Trump administration’s desire to balance against Moscow and Beijing could force a new missile debate on Europeans. Even though Washington is trying to assuage its allies, the specter of another round of INF missile deployments to Europe is not unrealistic. Meanwhile, NATO’s European members face a dilemma. Some want NATO to resolutely push back against Russia. Others want to avoid a new deployment debate, at almost all costs. The Kremlin will use these cleavages to weaken NATO. If not carefully handled, NATO’s response to the Russian missile buildup could lead to domestic turmoil in a number of European states and render the alliance ineffective for a prolonged period. Europeans need to act now and voice their preferences in the military and diplomatic domains. A number of different military options are available, below the level of deploying new INF missiles in Europe. However, Europeans need to consider trade-offs regarding crisis and arms-race stability. At the same time, it will be up to European capitals to conceptualize a new arms-control framework for the post-INF world, one that takes into account today’s geopolitical realities and the entanglement of modern conventional and nuclear forces. Given the Trump administration’s loathing of arms control, concepts of mutual restraint may well have to wait for the next US administration. In any case, that should not stop Europeans from taking on more responsibility for their own security.     

On a constraint qualification in a nondifferentiable programming problem

A mathematical programming problem with an objective function containing the square root of a positive semidefinite quadratic form has been considered by Mond. In order to use a transposition theorem of Eisenberg, Mond introduces a complicated constraint qualification. In this note we give a simple geometric characterization to this constraint qualification and show that it is implied by the generalized Slater constraint qualification.     

Analysis of a production system in a general configuration

We consider a production system comprising multiple stations (or workshops) such as an entry station, a set of work stations, a central station, and an exit station, which are arranged in a general configuration. A worker (or a vehicle tool) is assigned to each station, who sends a part from the station to the destination station according to the required process path of the part. Any part is allowed to visit a work station more than once if its process path requires. We propose a new control strategy with the push policy for instructing each worker to send a part and the kanban mechanism for controlling the work‐in‐process (WIP) in each work station. As all work stations have limited local buffers, the central station is used for storing blocked parts temporarily. Such a production system is modeled as an open queueing network in a general configuration with a Markovian part sending policy and a machine no blocking mechanism. The queueing network is analytically characterized. Some important performance measures are compared with other control strategies. A semi‐open decomposition approach is applied to the queueing network for computing the blocking probabilities when parts arrive at the work stations. An algorithm is developed based on the semi‐open decomposition approach. Numerical experiments show the quality of the solutions obtained by the algorithm as well as a property of a performance measure. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 128–143, 2001     

Facility location on a grid with a diagonal line

This article extends the traditional median problem on a grid to include a diagonal line (e.g., a street). In contrast to the traditional median problem, this generalized problem is nonconvex and nonseparable, invalidating some of the properties on which well-known median-seeking algorithms are based. This work presents an algorithm for finding the median on this generalized grid and discusses the relationship between it and the traditional median.     

铜冶炼炉溜槽上方钢梁温度分布研究

为了对有色冶炼厂房框架钢梁耐火稳定性评估提供条件,根据冶炼铜实际工况建立计算模型,数值研究钢梁温度分布,结果表明:在加热初期,钢梁的平均温度和最高温度不断上升,经历10个升温-降温周期后,钢梁的最高温度稳定在220℃左右。钢梁温度与梁的截面尺寸和形状、梁计算截面位置、溜槽与梁相对位置等众多因素有关。梁与溜槽距离越大,梁截面高度越大,翼缘宽度越小,最高温度与平均温度越低;梁长度大小不影响梁最高温度,但梁长度越大平均温度越低。     

建筑火灾烟气蔓延规律对火灾探测系统的影响

分析了烟在建筑物内部的蔓延规律,讨论了烟气的蔓延规律、气流速度、障碍物及房间高度对火灾探测系统的影响,得出研究火灾烟气蔓延规律对火灾探测系统的可靠性具有重要意义的结论。     

一代名将百世楷模--纪念萧劲光大将诞辰100周年

本文是中共中央军委副主席郭伯雄2003年1月3日在纪念萧劲光同志诞辰100周年座谈会上的讲话。标题为本刊编者所加。     

从一起脚手架火灾事故调查引发的思考

简要介绍了某大楼脚手架火灾的形成经过、受灾情形和由此而引发的相关问题、影响。说明火灾发生后火灾原因调查的相关对策和方法。并对城市火灾自动报警系统的作用、大范围深入细致的现场调查询问、按照规范程序进行火灾调查工作的作用和重要性进行了阐述。