高速小水线面双体船减阻试验

针对高速小水线面双体船高速航行时船体姿态变化显著的特点,分析了拖点纵向位置变化对阻力测量的影响规律;针对高速小水线面双体船提速增效的需要,在拖曳水池里开展了气层及艉板联合减阻模型试验,探讨了喷气位置、气流量、艉板等方式对SWATH的阻力及浮态的影响规律,取得了高速小水线面双体船模型底部喷气减阻4％的效果.     

逐鹿濒海战场的高速水面舰船

高速水面舰船,是指通过采用新航行原理或改变船型以大幅度降低航行阻力,从而获得较高航速的舰船。随着冷战的结束和世界格局的转变,海军的作战理论、作战环境发生了重大的变化,各海洋大国开始注重敏捷快速的高速舰船的发展。近年来,高速水面舰船的船型不断推陈出新,由单一船型逐渐向复合船型演变,出现了多种高速舰船逐鹿濒海战场的壮观场面。深 V 型船深 V 型船是相对于目前排水型水面舰船所惯用的圆舭船型而言的。因深 V 型船的剖面形状是直线或近乎是直线,舭部为尖舭,剖面形状为 V 字形,故称之为深 V 型。     

几种排水型高性能船阻力性能对比研究

采用阻力理论计算方法,以高速圆舭艇的阻力性能为基准,对高速圆舭艇、深V型船、穿浪双体船以及高速三体船的阻力性能进行了对比研究,对比较结果进行了分析,给出了各船型的最适用航速范围.     

深V型船气幕减阻数值研究

针对深V船型,采用混合两相流模型开展气幕减阻数值分析,研究了气流量、航速、航行姿态、喷气位置、尾板等因素对喷气减阻率的影响.结果表明:在深V型船底部喷气会导致阻力降低,气流量增加,减阻率增大,存在饱和气流量;航速对减阻率的影响不是单调的;航行姿态对减阻率有较大影响,使得纵倾角增大,减阻率降低;采用多级喷气可以提高喷气减...     

RBF神经网络在深V型滑行艇阻力预报中的应用

基于SV、JYK系列滑行艇的阻力、浸湿面积、航行纵倾角试验数据,采用RBF神经网络建立了深V型滑行艇阻力预报数值图谱;针对艇艉底部横向斜升角变化的有限试验数据,提出了一种基于小样本试验数据的阻力修正方法。试验表明,该方法对深V型滑行艇(折角线长度与最大折角线宽度比在4~5.5,面积负荷系数在5.5~7,重心纵向相对位置在3%~9%,艉部艇底斜升角在5°~25°之间变化)阻力预报是可行的。在相同精度下,针对该文研究的问题,RBF神经网络所需时间少于BP神经网络。     

分段履带式水陆两栖车减阻增速试验及数值仿真

为了研究分段履带式水陆两栖车的水动力性能,实现减阻增速,将尾翼板安装到水陆两栖车的方艉部,并开展了水池试验和仿真研究,两者的研究结果具有较好的一致性。通过仿真研究了车体的纵向重心位置、尾翼板的长度和角度对水陆两栖车阻力性能的影响,并分析了阻力成分的变化趋势。研究结果表明:车体纵向重心位置在540～560 mm 时,车体所受水阻力最小;在速度为3～5 m/s时,长度为156 mm,与水平面夹角为10°的尾翼板减阻效果最明显,相比于原裸车体的阻力,减阻率达到34.3%;加装尾翼板可以增加车体的尾部中空区长度,相当于增加了水线长,增大了长宽比。该研究表明:适当调节重心位置和优化尾翼板参数,可以有效实现水陆两栖车的减阻增速。     

穿浪双体船尾板减阻数值分析

基于RANS方程,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型和VOF两相流模型,研究了尾板长度与安装角度对穿浪双体船总阻力的影响规律.计算结果表明:尾板可以调整穿浪双体船的航态,达到有效降低阻力的目的;减阻在一定速度范围内有效,减阻的效果取决于尾板安装角度和长度,但阻力的减少并不与安装角度和长度成比例,最佳的安装角度约为3°～6°,长度约为1％～2％ LWL.     

三种艉部附体方案的粘性阻力数值计算

水面船舶艉部附体不但影响船舶的阻力,而且对螺旋桨的伴流分数以及推力减额也会产生较大影响。近年来,越来越多的研究者都重视使用数值方法进行船舶附体优化设计。在分析某排水型水面船舶艉部附体特点以及优化目标后,设计出两套艉部附体优化方案。通过数值计算方法对这3种方案的船体带附体模型在不同雷诺数条件下进行三维粘性流场的数值模拟。分析比较了它们的粘性阻力和螺旋桨桨盘面处的伴流,最后得到双尾鳍附件的最优方案。     

回转体表面不同尺寸脊状结构的减阻数值仿真

将脊状表面减阻技术应用于水下回转体,对回转体表面不同尺寸的V型脊状结构在多个速度下进行了数值仿真计算,发现了脊状结构的尺寸对回转体脊状表面减阻效果的影响规律.针对回转体脊状表面的流场特性,在进行数值仿真时合理选择了计算模型、计算流域、计算网格及边界条件.仿真结果表明:在同一速度下,相对光滑表面而言,回转体脊状表面所受的压差阻力略有增大,但占总阻力份额80%以上的粘性阻力显著降低,从而形成减阻效果;当V型脊状结构的宽高比等于1时,减阻效果最佳;对于同一个回转体脊状表面,低速下的减阻效果明显优于高速.     

不同形状随行波湍流边界层减阻特性研究

针对U型,V型,半圆型三种不同形状的随行波,对它们的湍流边界层减阻特性进行了研究.通过比较其粘性底层厚度,湍流强度,壁面剪切应力,摩擦阻力系数,得出:V型和U型湍流边界层阻力特性相似,且均优于半圆型随行波;U型随行波减阻效果比顶角角度较小的V型稍好,但是如果将V型顶角增大会得到更好的减阻效果.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.