红外型空空导弹导引头特点及实现方式分析

<正>引言随着科学技术的发展,战争攻防对抗日益激烈,战争环境日趋复杂,要求红外型空空导弹能在复杂的环境和强干扰条件下准确地探测、识别、跟踪目标。为此,目前,空空导弹将采用红外导引头技术,它主要有许多独特的技术要求及特点。1.红外型空空导弹导引头技术要求及特点分析1.1具备更高的空间分辨力与探测性能红外导引头技术从单元、多元发展到成像,导弹的空间分辨率和抗干扰能力不断提高。红外成像制导系统摆脱了把跟踪目标作为一个点热源因而只     

潜射防空导弹红外导引头技术研究

国外潜射防空导弹普遍采用从空空导弹移植的方式进行改进和研制.概括了潜空导弹的作战环境,提出了对红外导引头的研制要求,论述了潜空导弹导引头的相关研究内容,并对关键技术及其实现途径进行了简要分析,为潜艇加装有效的防空导弹武器系统提供了有益的参考.     

目标图像运动特征分析

在红外成像导弹导引头的信息处理中,目标图像特征研究是导引头技术研究中的一个重要问题。对各种潜在目标成像特征的详细研究是红外成像导引头信息处理研究的基础。在此项工作完成的基础上,可以实现对导引头目标识别和跟踪算法的评价,同时也可以辅助图像处理算法的选择和优化。在分析红外成像制导空空导弹工作原理的基础上,建立了导弹、目标的仿真模型,对常见的目标图像运动特征进行了仿真分析。给出了在空战条件下目标图像运动特征的部分仿真结果。     

空地ARM红外辐射特性研究

深入研究反辐射导弹的红外辐射特征,并建立其红外辐射简化模型.以导弹蒙皮、发动机尾喷管及尾喷焰作为导弹的主要红外辐射源,计算某型反辐射导弹在3μm～5μm和8 μm～12μm波段在不同方向上的红外辐射强度,并针对计算结果进行了分析,可为红外告警系统探测反辐射导弹提供一定理论依据.     

空空导弹导引头角预定精度研究

空空导弹导引头角预定是重要的导弹发射控制参数,其有效的计算精度分析,是导弹可靠截获和跟踪目标的重要保证。基于前置追踪攻击原理,给出了空空导弹导引头角预定的计算模型,建立了机载雷达误差对导引头角预定精度影响的误差分析仿真结构,并对仿真计算结果进行了讨论。     

红外成像导引头的发展与展望

本文扼要介绍了红外成像导引头的发展过程。其中包括七十年代中期开始的主要针对坦克、飞机的红外成像导引头的发展;从第一代采用光机扫描型红外传感器的导引头到第二代采用电子扫描的焦平面红外传感器的导引头。本文还介绍了八十年代初开始的针对地－地导弹的红外成像导引头的发展;介绍了它的第一代、第二代红外成像导引头的基本技术状态和未来的发展方向。     

红外成像导引头抗干扰性能评估方法

给出了一种对地面复杂干扰环境的红外成像导引头抗干扰性能评估方法,分析了红外成像导引头所面临的干扰因素,结合实际战场情况对干扰环境的等级进行了划分,并详细设计了红外成像导引头抗干扰性能仿真测试方案。采用半实物仿真方法得到红外成像导引头在不同干扰环境下的实验数据,运用bayes估计的方法建立红外成像导引头抗干扰概率计算模型。结合某实物红外成像导引头开展抗干扰性能半实物仿真测试,实验结果验证了该方法的合理性和有效性。     

激光武器对红外导引头的软破坏研究

针对舰载激光武器破坏反舰导弹的问题,研究了激光对红外制导反舰导弹导引头的软破坏。以激光辐照红外探测器为例,建立了舰载激光武器对红外制导反舰导弹探测器的破坏模型,计算了1.06μm激光海上大气传输的大气透过率,进行了0.632μm激光辐照CCD成像系统的实验,估算了对远距离红外制导反舰导弹探测器实现有效破坏所需发射的激光能量,得出了一些有价值的数据和结论。     

面向作战仿真的导引头动态成像过程模拟方法研究

作战仿真技术被广泛应用于体系仿真、武器装备研制论证以及作战效能评估,在反舰作战仿真过程中,经常需要模拟红外制导导弹对目标进行探测、追踪制导以及毁伤评估,均涉及目标区域红外图像动态生成。通过分析海上目标红外特性建立了舰船红外辐射模型,对导弹飞行中动态获取目标图像过程建立了导引头动态成像模型。基于国产数字地球仿真引擎研究了作战仿真中导引头红外成像过程模拟方法,开发了海上作战对抗仿真系统并实现了不同弹目距离、不同攻击方位的红外目标图像模拟。结果表明,提出的导引头动态成像过程模拟方法能在导弹飞行过程中对不同战场环境、不同作战目标进行实时红外成像模拟,从而为作战仿真推演提供支持。     

俄罗斯导弹雷达导引头的现状与发展

20世纪50年代末,前苏联开始研制空空导弹、地空导弹的雷达导引头。1958年,第15独立特种设计局(前苏联航空工业部莫斯科第17科学研究所的分支机构)的专家们开始为“立方”防空导弹系统研制雷达导引头(此种雷达导引头1966年开始装备服役)。之后,第15独立特种设计局的雷达导引头研制小     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.