基于加速度计和磁强计的定向钻进姿态测量及方位校正

描述了用三轴加速度计与三轴磁强计测量地下钻头倾斜角、工具面向角和方位角的方法,给出了具体的系统结构和详细的姿态解算。针对由于钻具铁磁性材料引入干扰磁场对方位测量的误差,提出了利用当地地磁场进行方位角校正的方法,并给出仿真结果。结果表明,这种校正方法能够在不更换钻具即测量装置仍放在一段无磁钻铤内部的情况下,获得准确的方位角,因此可以大大减少无磁钻铤的长度,节省钻进成本。     

光纤陀螺一维惯性角度测量误差标定技术研究

针对光纤陀螺的一维惯性角度测量系统长期工作时产生较大的随时间累积误差,提出了一种新型角度测量误差的实时标定方法。此方法基于光学三角法测距的原理,利用2个激光位移传感器测量的位移实现角度的实时测量,在高精度转台上对测试系统进行了实验验证,通过最小二乘拟合法对误差进行了补偿。实验结果表明,该系统的角度测量范围±10°,角度测量精度±0.005°,为光纤陀螺在长时间角度测量方面提供了角度基准。该标定技术使用非接触光学测量方法,对被测物体表面无损伤。     

美军大力发展深钻地武器

钻地弹,是携带钻地弹头（又称侵彻战斗部）,用于对机场跑道、地面加固工事、深入地下的指挥中心等目标进行攻击的钻地武器。常规深钻地武器主要有能钻进18米混凝土或钻进90米以上普通土层的普通导弹和制导炸弹。在海湾战争中,多国部队使用巡航导弹外加“地     

惯性技术在角度测量中的应用研究

阐述了用一个双自由度陀螺和两个加速度计构成的简易惯性捷联系统进行角度测量的原理,推导出测量方程,并给出了仿真结果。     

机载多传感器角度融合跟踪结构与算法

未来战机的作战环境要求机载多传感器数据融合系统在仅有角度测量信息情况下仍须具有稳定的目标跟踪能力.对机载多传感器的角度融合跟踪系统的结构和算法进行了研究,分别给出了两个传感器同步测量时的集中式状态估计算法和异步测量时不损信息量的混合式状态估计算法,即顺序滤波方法,并对相应算法进行了仿真验证.     

激光四光束与 PSD 测量运动物体瞬时位置姿态系统的研究

介绍了一种新的光学非接触测量的方法。采用激光四光束与位敏元件 (PSD)测量物体的位置、角度 ,从而确定运动物体某一瞬时的位置姿态。对系统内部结构与信号处理进行了分析研究。实验证明 ,该测量系统具有测量精度高 ,重复稳定性好 ,系统响应速度快 ,测量范围宽等优点 ,且结构紧凑 ,制造成本低 ,应用前景相当广泛。     

一种工件孔径在线测量装置

本文介绍了可用于在线检测工件孔径的测量装置。该测量装置的探测头由三个电感传感器按一定角度配置构成。分析结果和实验结果都表明:传感器安装角度偏差是测量误差的主要起因;在一定条件下,测量精度优于±2μm.本装置可用作加工中心监控系统中的测量设备,除测量孔径外,还可测量刀具与工件孔之间的偏心量,特别适用于批量生产的在线质量检测。     

基于自准直反射法的光学中心偏检测系统研究

提出了一种基于自准直反射法测量光学中心偏的检测方法,分析了其测量光学中心偏的基本原理,在此基础上设计了基于自准直反射法的光学镜组中心偏检测系统。系统采用CV-A1型CCD探测器组件,以轴向晃动≤1″、径向跳动≤1μm的高精度基准轴工作台配合PIV研华工控机进行数据采集和图像处理,系统测量精度为:角度≤2,″线度≤0.01 mm。实际应用表明,该系统适用于1.06μm激光探测系统光学镜组的在线装校及系统中心偏检测,也可用于其它光学系统中心偏的测量。     

调整参数对喷射系统压力波特征参数的影响

用新研制的卡持式传感器及其测试系统,在高压油泵试验台上做了调整喷射系统喷油器循环喷油量、喷油开启压力和高压油泵转速的试验,测得了各种试验条件下的压力波、计算了压力波的特征值.在此基础上,研究了各调整参数对测量的电压波形及其特征参数的影响程度和规律;证明了外卡式传感器测量的电压波能真实地反映高压油管内的压力波动,可用于喷射系统各角度的动态测量.     

陀螺/星敏感器组合技术在卫星姿态确定系统中的应用

为了满足军用卫星姿态测量高精度的需要,提出了基于状态估计法的陀螺仪和星敏感器组成的卫星姿态测量系统的方案.应用广义卡尔曼进行状态估计,同时为了避免由非线性和小角度引起的计算误差,采用四元数法代替通常的欧拉角法进行计算,经分析得到该系统状态模型和观测模型.通过仿真证明,此方案能达到高精度军用卫星姿态确定系统的要求.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.