基于D-S证据理论的协作式频谱感知方法

频谱感知是认知无线电的关键技术,感知精度和速度直接影响到认知无线电网络的整体性能。由于单台感知的性能受环境影响严重,协作式频谱感知被广泛使用。为提高协作式频谱感知性能,采用可变策略的Dempster-Shafer证据理论对两种感知方法产生的信息进行融合:一种是能量检测法,该方法速度快但准确度不高;另一种是周期平稳信号检测法,准确度高但周期长。通过融合实验结果表明,同单独一种检测方法相比,基于Dempster-Shafer证据理论的认知网络,其感知能力明显提高,系统的容错性和敏捷度也有增强。     

基于分布式天线的认知无线电系统感知算法和信道容量分析

认知无线电概念的提出为频谱的共享提供了可能。文中提出一种基于分布式天线的认知无线电系统实现方法,该方法便于频谱的感知,能降低对首要用户的干扰,并且相对于中心式天线能为次要认知无线电用户的下行链路提供较大的信道容量增益。     

第3讲 认知对抗中的频谱切换时间估计研究

认知无线电信号由于具有感知和重构能力,在信息战中的地位越来越重要。要对认知无线电信号进行高效灵巧地干扰,需要得到的关键参数之一是频谱切换时间。当主用户回归或者认知信号遭受较强干扰时,认知用户则需要切换到其他空闲信道上以便继续进行通信。文中首先提出认知用户频谱切换时间估计的基本方案,分为粗检测(宽带频谱侦测)和细检测(针对指定信道的时频分析)两大步骤;然后针对各个步骤分别提出相应的检测算法。仿真结果表明,该方法能较准确地估计出频谱切换时间,而且参数可控性强,便于集成和实现。     

基于CAM的认知超宽带频谱感知方法

频谱感知是认知超宽带系统的核心部分,针对超宽带频带内授权信号类型确定的特点,为了弥补自相关检测不能够识别信号类型的缺点,提出利用信号的循环谱特征和自相关矩阵差异性来检测授权信号,该方法融合了自相关检测和循环谱检测的优点进行合作判决。仿真表明该方法在高低信噪比环境下均能比循环谱检测和能量检测得到更好地检测效果,因此适合于认知超宽带系统。     

一种认知无线电中模仿授权用户诱骗攻击的检测方法

认知无线电中模仿授权用户（PrimaryuserEmulation,PUE）诱骗攻击是近年来研究的热点问题。攻击者通过模仿授权用户的信号特征来干扰认知用户使用频谱,造成认知用户可用频谱资源的大量减少。本文提出了一种单点PUE攻击的检测方案。通过小波变换提取发射机发送信道特征来判断用户身份,仿真实验表明该方法可以有效检测PuE攻击。     

一种改进的分数低阶矩协作频谱感知算法

为了提高脉冲噪声下基于分数低阶矩频谱感知算法性能,提出了一种改进算法。针对中值滤波能有效抑制脉冲噪声的特点,该方法先对接收信号进行中值滤波,再进行分数低阶矩频谱感知。仿真分析了在不同广义信噪比、特征指数以及协作用户对感知性能的影响,并与能量检测和分数低阶矩频谱感知方法对比。仿真结果表明,改进的分数低阶矩方法在脉冲噪声下感知性能明显优于能量检测和分数低阶矩检测。并且对不同调制信号均具有良好的适用性。     

认知无线电专题讲座(四) 第7讲 协同频谱检测技术

认知无线电能够智能地感知频谱并在授权用户没有使用的时候伺机(opportunistic)利用其频段,从而提高频谱的利用率。频谱检测是认知无线电系统需要首先解决的问题。协同检测可以更有效地利用整个网络的资源,获得高的分集增益,使网络性能更稳定。文中简述了协同检测的基本原理,并对协同频谱检测技术进行了讨论。仿真结果表明协同可以提高检测概率、提供捷变增益(agility gain),对频谱利用率的提高有很大的贡献。     

频谱感知技术在认知无线电中的应用

频谱感知是认知无线电的关键技术,能量检测广泛应用于频谱感知。针对认知无线电频谱感知技术较少运用于实践的不足,提出了基于0FDM传输系统的频谱感知。在0FDM系统中利用能量检测的判决结果控制子载波的开关,实现感知结果对数据传输的控制,最后利用认知无线电平台进行实时数据的传输。实验结果表明,系统能够在认知无线电平台上成功进行无线通信的数据发送与接收,频谱感知结果能够有效控制数据传输,为认知无线电由理论研究步向实际应用奠定了基础,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于分形滤波的能量检测方法

能量检测是认知无线电频谱感知的有效方法,但在低信噪比情况下检测概率明显下降。提出了基于分形滤波的频谱感知能量检测方法。基于分形滤波可以有效抑制噪声的特点,该方法先对接收信号进行分形滤波,以其能量值作为检测统计量,进行能量检测。仿真结果表明,通过基于分形滤波的能量检测和直接进行能量检测方法对比,滤波后信噪比在下降7 d B时仍然满足90%以上的检测概率。此外,该方法对不同调制信号均具有较好的适用性,在噪声不确定情况下仍然具有较高的检测概率。     

基于分形相关盒维数的分步合作频谱感知方法

提出一种基于分形相关盒维数的分步合作频谱感知方法,通过对信号进行自相关运算,然后求取其盒维数值,利用恒虚警检测得到判决门限进行判决,在所有认知用户中随机选择参与运算的认知用户,并反馈有益信息。仿真结果表明,该方法在保证检测准确率的同时,降低了认知系统合作频谱感知所带来的额外开销和频谱检测时长,减轻合作控制中心的负荷,整体上提高了认知系统的检测性能。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.