多机编队指控决策一体化系统概念模型研究

多机编队指挥控制决策一体化系统是未来提高多机编队信息化协作水平的重要途径。通过研究国内外军事领域的发展趋势,并结合网络中心战及C4KISR概念,对该系统进行了需求分析和总体设计,提出了多机编队指挥控制决策一体化系统概念模型。最后将其应用于基于HLA和分布式仿真技术的多机编队指挥控制决策一体化系统仿真环境。     

基于虚拟目标跟踪的充气式固定偏置再入飞行器制导律设计

针对充气式飞行器只能实现零升力再入、无法进行再入弹道修正的问题展开研究。首先面向充气式飞行器的再入制导采用了一种舱体偏置的总体设计方案,通过舱体质心偏移产生气动配平攻角,从而提供弹道修正所需的升力。然后针对固定偏置量带来的升力大小不可控及升力过剩问题,为提高制导精度,设计了一种通过滚转运动改变升力方向的制导律。为进一步提高该滚转制导律精度,又提出了一种分段再入制导和跟踪参考轨迹上虚拟目标点的策略,并据此修正了滚转制导律,避免计算误差的影响及制导指令的频繁修正。最后,仿真结果表明标称情形下最终制导落点偏差约500 m,并且在叠加多种偏差条件的情形下最终制导精度偏差仍能保持在102 m量级内,所设计的滚转制导律能有效提高充气式飞行器的再入制导精度,并且具有较高的鲁棒性。所提出的面向充气式固定偏置再入飞行器的制导律对于执行机构的要求简单,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

网络化多平台协同控制与决策系统总体设计框架

针对单一平台在探测能力和信息获取方面的局限性,提出构建基于空中、地面、水中平台的多平台人机协同控制与决策系统的体系结构,该系统的特点是有人参与决策,可实现有人平台和无人平台的协同。分析了地面指挥控制与决策中心及各平台应具有的功能,并对人机交互软件界面进行了总体设计。给出了一个典型的应用场景,分析了其工作原理及多平台协同跟踪与决策过程,验证了所提系统体系结构的灵活性和合理性。     

基于自抗扰控制的高超声速飞行器再入制导律

鲁棒制导律设计是增强高超声速飞行器再入突防能力、提升飞行安全性的重要保障.针对多约束条件及多种气动参数摄动影响的高超声速飞行器再入轨迹抗干扰跟踪问题,首先,在标准轨迹制导的框架下,结合模型辅助线性自抗扰控制和基于航向角误差走廊的几何制导逻辑,提出了一种可满足纵向和横侧向平面制导任务需求的自抗扰再入制导律;其次,采用反馈...     

弹道导弹威胁估计模型构建

简要分析了弹道导弹飞行3个阶段的不同特点及各阶段导弹预警探测手段的侧重点,结合威胁估计的特征构建了弹道导弹威胁估计模型结构框架,运用多阶段贝叶斯网络理论,构造了主动段、自由段和再入段威胁估计模型,并明确了三阶段间的转换时机。采用动态贝叶斯方法对弹道导弹作战全过程进行威胁估计仿真推理,仿真结果能够反映导弹在飞行过程中威胁程度的变化特点,为反导指挥员作出辅助决策提供智力支持。     

组网电子对抗中应对远程威胁的对抗优选决策

在组网电子对抗作战背景下,简单分析作战中远程威胁目标,讨论了威胁决策因子及其优属度获取办法,在此基础上,提出了经过对抗方案总体设计、最优方案选择的决策方法,建立了应对远程威胁目标的决策模型。最后,通过合理假定作战场景进行实例分析,验证了该方法是科学合理的。     

美国空军发展MIRV技术

目前,空军很注意按排真正的多弹头再入飞行器〔genuine　multiple, independentlytargetable re-entry Vehicles （MIRV）〕方面的基础研究工作,这样,为未来的洲际导弹的部署提供了选择的余地。 应用那些技术后,由一个洲际导弹携带多个子弹头从导弹的主再入系统释放后,每个子弹头将能独自地制导到相应的分布很广的目标上。 当前计划用于民兵的多弹头是由通用电气公司的MK—12型再入系统顺序释放后进入再入段,而且,子弹头并不具备独自的分导能力。     

高超声速飞行器滑翔再入性能评估

对高超声速滑翔再入飞行器性能评估的理论和方法进行了研究,并根据高超声速滑翔再入飞行器的特点,给出了高超声速滑翔再入飞行器性能评估的基本流程;通过对滑翔再入飞行器的系统分析,构建了该类飞行器的性能评估指标体系和评估模型;完成了性能评估软件的开发;对3种不同设计方案的性能进行了评估比较,结果表明该指标体系能够很好地反应此类飞行器的总体性能。     

弹道导弹弹头再入参数的解析解研究

针对弹头再入运动的特点,建立了旋转圆球地球模型下弹道导弹弹头再入运动的简化方程,通过将大气密度、地球引力和弹道倾角分层计算,同时结合气动阻力系数的两种解析计算模型,推导出了计算弹头再入参数的解析解。仿真计算结果表明,解析解非常接近数值解,能够较真实的反映弹头再入运动的客观情况。     

再入飞行器的最大飞行距离的统计决策鉴定

为了充分利用验前信息,在小子样的场合下进行统计评定工作,文中运用了Bayes 统计决策方法,讨论了两方面的问题。1.再入飞行器的最大飞行距离鉴定的Bayes 决策方法。引入了损失函数及验前信息,将决策中所冒的风险与射击效果结合了起来。2.Bayes 估计。给出了最大飞行距离的Bayes 统计估值。理论及计算结果表明:合理地使用验前信息,将有利于在小子样容量之下进行最大飞行距离的统计推断工作。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.