TBD620柴油机低负荷性能研究

以舰用高速大功率柴油机低负荷问题为研究对象,采用试验和理论分析以及计算相结合的方法,对TBD620柴油机进行缸内示功图实机测试和放热规律计算。结果表明,采用主辅双进气道系统是解决舰用大功率柴油机低负荷性能的一种行之有效的方法。     

某型柴油机进气道通流特性试验研究

分析了某型柴油机气缸盖进气道流量系数和涡流比随气阀升程的变化规律,以及进气道前后的压差对流量系数和涡流比的影响.试验结果表明,该型柴油机进气系统在低负荷时可以实现较大的涡流比,从而可以改善柴油机低负荷性能.     

一种废气涡轮增压柴油机的动态仿真模型

针对采用RQV调速器、进气中冷器以及MPC排气系统的废气涡轮增压柴油机进行研究,提出了其动态工作的仿真模型.利用所提出的模型编程计算了柴油机油门突增和负荷突减2种典型工况下调速器齿条位移、柴油机转速、有效扭矩和有效比油耗的瞬时变化.结果表明该废气涡轮增压柴油机动态仿真模型可用来详细研究该类柴油机的动态工作过程,能够为研究、设计及改进柴油机性能提供一种新的途径.     

重12V180柴油机非增压改装的试验研究

本文主要针对重12V180增压柴油机作为大型舰船的电站原动机所存在的问题进行了充分探讨。为了改善低负荷性能,提高柴油机工作可靠性,我们围绕非增压改装进行了一系列理论分析、计算研究和改装设计,最后在实机上完成改装工程,试验获得成功。改装后的柴油机各项性能指标比改装前均有很大提高,军事和经济效益显著。     

基于数值模拟的柴油机后处理系统阻力研究

将柴油机用肇流式过滤体（Diesel Particulate Filter,DPF）简化为单通道流动管道的集合,根据准稳态流动的压力损失方程和传热方程建菠了DPF的一维流动模型;将柴油机工作过程模型与DPF流动模型集成,建宦了后处理系统的排气阻力模拟计算模型,通过台架试验验证,证明误差在3％以内。计算结果表明：柴油机在低负荷时,系统排气阻力与负荷近似呈线性关系;在高负荷时,二者近似呈二次曲线关系。计算给出柴油机全工况排气阻力MAP图,可用于标定DPF再生控制器。     

基于遗传算法的准维燃烧模型修正方法

针对目前准维燃烧模型不能客观反映高原柴油机工作过程的问题,提出了一种基于计算机智能仿真模型修正方法.采用正交试验的极差分析,计算并识别出准维燃烧模型的经验参数对柴油机性能影响的主次顺序,并确定为待修正参数.基于遗传算法,以试验数据为依据,对柴油机准维燃烧模型进行修正.修正后的柴油机工作过程模型误差在4％以内,为深入开展高原环境柴油机性能研究奠定了基础.     

12V150ZL增压发动机燃烧放热规律的研究

本文运用对实测放热速率曲线拟合得到的双韦别函数放热速率表达式,结合工作过程的数值模拟计算,研究12V150ZL增压发动机在标定工况燃油量时的燃烧放热速率的变化规律,预测燃烧过程对发动机性能指标的影响.为评价和完善12V150ZL增压发动机的燃烧过程提供理论依据.     

不同海拔富氧进气柴油机富氧经济性分析

建立了高海拔条件下柴油发动机富氧进气燃烧排气氧气体积分数与进气氧气体积分数关系的模型,对海拔2 000,3 000和4000m处不同转速时发动机富氧进气的燃烧状况和富氧经济性进行研究.结果表明:模型预测结果与试验结果吻合较好,当发动机正常进气过量空气系数α＜1.2时,富氧进气改善发动机燃烧状况的效果明显.发动机富氧进气...     

柴油机噪声的产生与控制

柴油机噪声主要来源于气体脉冲,燃烧和机械运动,由于柴油发动机在进气,排气过程中产生周期性的气体脉冲和旋转风扇使空气发生扰动等因素,从而激发出气体噪声：柴油在汽缸内燃烧以后,汽缸内的压力骤增,该压力直接冲击燃烧室壁面使得机械部件产生振动并传至外部而形成噪声;机枪矣表面部件对燃烧等激发力作出的响应是产生机械噪声的主要根源。本文在控制噪声方面提出了一些可行性的措施供参考。     

柴油机超小型水滴形预燃室的研究

针对12V180柴油机原球形预燃室喷嘴因热负荷过大而产生热裂和断裂脱落的问题,进行了理论分析和实验研究,提出了一种新型的预燃室-超小型水滴形预燃室．实验证明使用该预燃室,可以大大降低喷嘴的热负荷,提高喷嘴使用的可靠性．     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.