多GPU的可压缩湍流并行计算

利用CUDA Fortran语言发展了一种基于GPU的计算流体力学可压缩湍流求解器。该求解器基于结构网格有限体积法,空间离散采用AUSMPW 格式,湍流模型为k-ω SST两方程模型,采用MPI实现并行计算。针对最新的GPU架构,讨论了通量计算的优化方法及GPU计算与PCIe数据传输、MPI通信重叠的多GPU并行算法。进行了超声速进气道及空天飞机等算例的数值模拟以验证GPU在大网格量情况下的加速性能。计算结果表明相对于Intel Xeon E5-2670 CPU单一核心的计算时间,单块NVIDIA GTX Titan Black GPU可获得107至125倍的加速比。利用四块GPU实现了复杂外形1.34亿网格的快速计算,并行效率为91.6%。     

基于MPI+CUDA的异构并行可压缩流求解器

在CPU/GPU异构体系结构计算集群上,建立了基于MPI+CUDA的异构并行可压缩流求解器。讨论了异构结构上的可压缩流并行算法的并行模式,在CPU上执行计算密集度低、指令复杂的计算任务,在GPU上执行计算密集度高、指令单一的计算任务。通过数个算例,对比了异构并行计算和传统CPU并行计算计算结果和计算效率。将该算法运用于高超声速流动的数值模拟中,数值结果显示,基于MPI+CUDA的异构并行可压缩流求解器鲁棒性好,计算效率较CPU同构并行计算提高10倍以上。     

基于GPU的弹道快速计算方法

针对目前飞行器航迹规划中弹道计算量大、耗时长的问题,结合GPU大规模并行计算特性,提出了一种基于GPU的弹道快速计算方法.该方法以4阶Runge-Kutta (R-K)法为基础求解弹道微分方程组,通过计算资源的分配、数据流分段将弹道计算任务映射到GPU线程模型,利用CPU加GPU异构模型的数据流控制能力,实现上千条弹道的并行计算;实验表明该方法计算精度满足要求,并获得几十倍理想加速效果;也为航迹规划系统其他大规模并行计算提供了新的解决思路.     

高超声速乘波飞行器三维流场的并行数值模拟

针对高超声速乘波飞行器三维绕流流场,在基于LINUX+MPI系统的分布式并行计算平台上,并行求解了三维雷诺平均的N-S方程。并行数值方法采用的是有限体积方法(FVM)、OC-TVD差分格式、B-L代数湍流模型及流场分区的并行方法。计算结果表明,所采用的并行数值模拟方法能够求解包含强激波的流场,激波穿越区域边界时无断层、错位等通量不守恒的现象。并行计算效率高,8个处理机计算时的并行加速比达到了6 8。     

考虑航行姿态的船模阻力及流场数值预报

为精确得到船模阻力及流场,研究了网格划分、湍流模型及船模姿态对预报结果的影响。首先,采用切割体网格技术及棱柱层网格技术划分了多套网格,研究网格尺寸大小及棱柱层参数对阻力、兴波及伴流场的影响;然后,比较了三种不同湍流模型在船模阻力及伴流场预报中的差异;最后,基于合理的网格划分及湍流模型,采用DFBI的方法预报了船模在不同航速下的姿态及阻力。计算结果表明:当Fr0.25时,不考虑航行姿态时阻力计算误差可达到18.3%。考虑航行姿态变化后,阻力计算误差小于3%;升沉和纵倾的计算值和试验值吻合较好。由此证明:采用DFBI方法考虑船体航行姿态的变化避免了网格变形或者重构,具有较好的收敛性和计算精度。     

基于CPU-GPU混合计算平台的RNA二级结构预测算法并行化研究

RNA二级结构预测是生物信息学领域重要的研究方向,基于最小自由能模型的Zuker算法是目前该领域最典型使用最广泛的算法之一。本文基于CPU GPU的混合计算平台实现了对Zuker算法的并行和加速。根据CPU和GPU计算性能的差异,通过合理的任务分配策略,实现二者之间的并行协作计算和处理单元间的负载平衡;针对CPU和GPU的不同硬件特性,对Zuker算法在CPU和GPU上的实现分别采取了不同的并行优化方法,提高了混合加速系统的计算性能。实验结果表明,CPU处理单元在混合系统中承担了14%以上的计算任务,与传统的多核CPU并行方案相比,采用混合并行加速方法可获得15.93的全局加速比;与最优的单纯GPU加速方案相比,可获得16%的性能提升,并且该混合计算方案可用于对其它生物信息学序列分析应用的并行和加速。     

基于传输方程空化模型的定常自然空化流场数值计算

采用基于传输方程的空化模型,应用自主开发的软件对水翼和水下回转体定常自然空化流场进行了数值计算。采用基于压力修正和多块结构化网格的有限体积方法数值求解Favre平均的NS方程,运用k-ε两方程加壁函数的湍流模式封闭雷诺应力。计算结果与已有实验结果符合较好。     

CPU-GPU协同加速Kriging插值的负载均衡方法

Kriging插值算法被广泛应用于地学各领域,有着极其重要的现实意义,但在面对大规模输出网格及大量输入采样点时,不可避免地遇到了性能瓶颈。利用Open CL和Open MP在异构平台上实现了CPU与GPU协同加速普通Kriging插值。针对Kriging插值中采样点的不规则分布及CPU和GPU由于体系结构差异对其的不同适应性,提出一种基于不同设备间计算性能的差异和数据分布特点的负载均衡方法。试验结果表明,该方法能有效提高普通Kriging插值速度,同时还能节约存储空间和提高访存效率。     

弹道导弹诸元与弹道并行计算方法

变射点、动基座和机动发射是现代导弹武器系统发展的主要方向。为提高武器的快速反应能力,在现有硬件计算条件下降低弹道导弹诸元与弹道计算时间,结合弹道导弹诸元与弹道模型的特点,利用并行计算技术,建立了相应的并行计算模型,采用MPI设计研究了诸元和弹道并行计算的实现方法,通过仿真验证,证明该方法能有效提高弹道计算速度,得到较高的加速比。     

船舶气层减阻多相流数值模拟方法适配性研究

为探索船舶底部喷气减阻多相流数值模拟方法,基于FLUENT计算软件,分别使用Mixture、VOF和Eulerian三种多相流模型、选择不同的湍流模型和网格参数,对平板底部气液混合流和气液分层流两种情况进行了数值模拟,并与试验结果进行对比验证,分析了气层形态、减阻率等因素的计算误差。研究结果表明:在选择合适的湍流模型及网格参数的前提下,采用Mixture模型计算平板无凹槽的气液混合流能够较好地模拟气层形态,同时模型的减阻率预报也具有一定精度;而采用VOF模型计算平板凹槽内的长气穴能够较好模拟气穴内气层波动情况和预报减阻率。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.