一种改进的主从式协同导航技术研究

为提高传统基于测距信息的主从式协同导航定位算法中从艇的位置解算精度,将从艇间的测距信息作为量测值融入主从式协同导航算法,重新构建了系统状态方程和量测方程,采用了扩展卡尔曼滤波进行滤波解算。仿真结果表明,相比于传统计算方式,增加了从艇间测距信息的主从式协同导航算法可进一步抑制定位误差的发散,提高了从艇的导航定位精度。     

基于因子图的AUV协同导航通信延迟误差补偿算法

针对自主水下航行器协同导航系统水声通信延迟导致的定位误差增大问题,在因子图协同导航算法框架下提出一种基于量测信息重建的通信延迟补偿算法。首先,基于主从式协同导航系统状态方程、量测方程构建因子图模型。由于多个自主水下航行器距离量测信息导致因子图模型存在环结构,故通过两次消息传递迭代求解各节点变量概率密度分布。随后,在广播式水声通信延迟机理分析基础上进行量测信息重建,并将其接入因子图代替原始量测信息进行消息传递与解算,从而补偿水声通信延迟。仿真实验结果表明,所提算法可以有效提高从自主水下航行器定位精度,没有通信延迟补偿的协同导航算法定位精度与水声通信固定延迟呈反比,在水声通信固定延迟为10 s的条件下,所提算法相比没有通信延迟补偿的协同导航算法,定位精度可以提高82.57%。     

基于自适应卡尔曼滤波的联合RSS/TOA/INS无人机定位算法

针对在全球导航卫星系统信号拒止环境下(如山地、隧道、峡谷)无人机集群常规定位方法受限问题,提出通过集群之间的协同定位,对卫星信号拒止的低成本无人机进行导航恢复的滤波方法,从而有效抑制纯惯性导航系统(INS)定位发散。在获取定位数据方面,首先采用基于超宽带(UWB)和Zigbee设备分别通过到达时间差(TOA)和接收信号强度(RSS)的测距方式得到测距信息,然后进一步利用最小二乘方法解算得到定位局部坐标。考虑到RSS测距远、精度低,而TOA测距精度高、测距范围小的特点,提出一种基于TOA/RSS/INS的序贯扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,通过引入自适应因子,为短程定位信息提供TOA/RSS两路定位冗余的同时,在长程TOA定位失效时仍可利用RSS定位来抑制惯性导航的发散。实验结果表明,该算法在近程可由RSS/TOA提供冗余测距信息,通过自适应因子可将定位精度改善至2m;在长程,尤其TOA定位失效的范围外,同样可以提供误差约为5m的定位信息。相对于传统扩展卡尔曼滤波,所提出的自适应序贯卡尔曼滤波算法有效提高了定位精度,为解决传统定位受限条件下的基于无人机无线电定位研究提供新的思路。     

鱼雷目标定位跟踪技术

对鱼雷目标进行定位跟踪是舰艇反鱼雷的关键,报警声纳能够给出水下鱼雷目标的方位信息,但仅利用方位信息对鱼雷目标进行定位跟踪是不够的。对本水面舰艇舰壳声纳和拖线阵声纳纯方位协同探测可行性进行分析,并对协同探测条件下鱼雷目标定位跟踪算法进行探讨,建立可应用于鱼雷目标定位跟踪的滤波算法模型,对其定位精度进行分析,并与最小二乘算法进行比较,通过仿真比较,最终确定出可用于鱼雷目标定位跟踪的算法模型。     

无线传感器网络移动节点三维测距解析定位

结合次声波的特点和性质,建立了适用于动态环境下的基于次声波和电磁波的非同步TDOA测距模型。同时,将精确的测距信息与历史位置信息结合起来,提出并推导了信标节点稀疏分布下的三维测距解析定位算法,并根据有限的定位时刻位置信息采用内插法恢复出节点随机运动轨迹图。仿真结果表明：该算法具有较好的鲁棒性,可实现分米级以下的定位精度。     

《关于目标相对鱼雷运动轨迹》的计算问题

一、引言;在研究自导鱼雷射击问题时,目标的相对移动线是很有用的。它的使用,可以简化鱼雷与日标之间相对位置的分析与计算。而鱼雷与目标的相对位置决定了目标被自导装置发现与否。在鱼雷与目标均做等速直航的情况下,相对移动线的求取用简单的作图就可以解决。而在目标作等速直航的情况下,追线(即鱼雷的运动方程)微分方程已经解决,然而在一般情况下,也就是目标以非匀速的曲线运动,而鱼雷也以非匀速的曲线运动时,相对移动线又是一种怎样的轨迹呢?文献中指出,在任意曲线运动下,鱼雷和目标的相对轨迹可由公式     

SINS/DVL/AST水下组合导航中的鲁棒信息融合方法

捷联式惯导系统由于自主性强等优势成为自主式水下航行器长航时、长航程导航的主要手段。针对水下环境中外部多导航传感器如多普勒计程仪提供的测速信息和水声单应答器提供的位置信息容易受到非高斯噪声污染的问题,提出基于马氏距离算法的联邦鲁棒卡尔曼滤波算法。在联邦鲁棒卡尔曼滤波算法中,通过马氏距离算法引入膨胀因子,对量测噪声协方差阵进行膨胀,以实现非高斯条件下水下组合导航系统鲁棒性的提升。同时基于子滤波器的滤波性能对信息分配系数进行自适应调整以确保水下组合导航系统的高精度。基于江试试验实测数据进行水下组合导航半物理仿真试验,试验结果表明:相比于传统的联邦卡尔曼滤波算法,联邦鲁棒卡尔曼滤波算法可在非高斯条件下实现更高精度、更加稳定的组合导航;能够满足水下组合导航系统对容错性和鲁棒性的要求。     

多传感器信息融合理论在无人机相对导航中的应用

为提升无人机的作战效能和作战指标,提升无人机的相对导航精度和导航系统可靠性,以无人机编队的相对导航系统为研究背景,基于容积卡尔曼滤波算法和信息滤波算法,研究容积信息滤波算法。此外,还采用多传感器信息融合理论,利用分布式信息融合结构构建了无人机相对导航滤波器,对来自惯导、视觉和卫星的信息进行融合,获取无人机间的相对位置、速度和姿态信息。该方法提升了无人机相对导航的导航精度、导航可靠性和滤波稳定性,容积信息滤波算法的应用避免了传统滤波算法在高维系统中出现的数值不稳定以及精度降低等问题。数学仿真结果表明,该方法提高了无人机编队之间相对导航的精度和可靠性,证明了算法的有效性。     

信息化条件下鱼雷相关战术技术能力研究

针对信息化海战的特点和对鱼雷的要求,提出了在信息化海战条件下鱼雷应该具备的一些战术和技术能力,如在网络体系中及时可靠获取信息的能力、更强的对抗能力、先进的导航定位能力、远程的水声通信能力等,并对鱼雷航程和航速之间的关系重新进行了分析,以期为新型鱼雷的研制和开发提供一定的参考。     

移动通信网络位置群体节点的挖掘方法

对移动通信网络的位置群体节点进行了优化定位和挖掘,优化移动通信网络的覆盖度和可靠度,传统的位置群体节点挖掘算法采用信息度增益控制挖掘算法,算法不能自主感知节点信息数据的变化,无法实现数据信息的实时传递和决策。提出基于位置群体节点信息融合和滤波控制的移动通信网络位置群体节点的挖掘方法。构建移动通信网络节点的分布模型和信道模型,采用多径信道均衡设计实现位置群体节点信息融合,采用自适应滤波控制方法实现对通信节点挖掘的干扰抑制。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行通信节点挖掘,信标定位准确,信号的覆盖度较合理,实现了信道空间的合理高效利用,实现了信道均衡和干扰抑制,有效降低了通信的误比特率。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.