无电焊接中厚度钢板焊接接头的组织结构与性能研究

采用无电焊接方法对12mm厚度钢板进行了焊接。分析了满足中厚度钢板焊接能量要求的技术途径;利用SEM,EDS,XRD等手段观察、分析了焊缝的组织成分与显微结构;测试了焊接接头的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、显微硬度等力学性能。结果表明:在选择高放热体系基础上,通过增大焊接笔直径、减小反应物料粒径、提高压坯密度等方法,可以有效增大焊接热效率,从而满足中厚度钢板焊接能量需求;焊缝组织分为热影响区、熔合区与合金区,焊缝合金与母材间通过熔合区形成了冶金结合;焊接接头因固溶强化和析晶强化的作用,具有良好的力学性能,拉伸强度、平均显微硬度与弯曲强度分别为357MPa、186HV0.2与644MPa,达到了野战应急抢修技术要求。     

一种Cu基自蔓延焊笔焊接Q235和45钢焊缝的组织与性能

利用研制的一种可焊接6～10 mm厚钢结构件的Cu基自蔓延焊笔,焊接了10 mm厚的Q235钢和45钢,研究了其焊缝的组织形貌和性能,发现焊缝与基体间存在熔合区,焊缝属于熔焊焊接.焊缝的拉伸强度达282 MPa,弯曲强度达628 MPa,冲击韧度为46.43 J/cm2;焊缝显微硬度达HV0.1230,熔合区显微硬度达HV0.1255.6,高于基体热影响区的硬度.     

高温空气下C/SiC复合材料力学性能测试

测试了C/SiC复合材料在高温空气下的压缩、弯曲和拉伸性能,利用扫描电子显微镜分析复合材料在室温与高温条件下的断口微观形貌。结果表明:从室温升温到1 000 ℃测试温度时,C/SiC复合材料的压缩强度由247 MPa降低至78 MPa,性能降低68%;弯曲强度由480 MPa降低至277 MPa,性能降低42%;拉伸强度由247 MPa降低至152 MPa,性能降低38%。高温氧化导致界面退化,损伤材料基体与碳纤维结构,加剧了纤维断裂程度,改变了纤维与基体的结合状态,纤维增韧机制逐渐消失,导致复合材料性能下降。     

纤维增强SiO2气凝胶隔热复合材料的制备及其性能

将无机陶瓷纤维与SiO2溶胶混合,经超临界干燥制备了SiO2气凝胶隔热复合材料。SiO2气凝胶纤细的骨架颗粒减少了固态热传导,纳米级孔减少了气体热传导和对流传热,同时无机陶瓷纤维减少了辐射传热。SiO2气凝胶复合材料具有良好的隔热性能,其200℃和800℃的热导率分别为0.017W/m.K和0.042W/m.K。纤维的加入提供了力学支撑,高温处理增强了气凝胶骨架强度,材料在常温和高温下均具有良好的力学性能,其常温的拉伸、弯曲和抗压强度分别为1.44MPa、1.31MPa和0.98MPa(10%应变),800℃的拉伸、弯曲和抗压强度分别为1.95MPa、1.80MPa和1.42MPa(10%应变)。     

天工“超金属”修补剂在工业上的应用

装甲兵工程学院与北京天工表面材料技术有限公司联合研制开发了天工“超金属”修补剂,采用高新技术研制成的双组份复合材料(或称高分子合金).它具有优异的物理和机械性能、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性,其综合指标可与同类国外产品媲美,固化后可机械加工.对零件无热影响区和变形.使用方便,不加热,不加压,室温操作,不需要专用设备,修理快速简便,并可现场作业.品种齐全,现有通用型、耐磨型、减摩型、耐腐蚀型、快速固化型、湿面修补型、耐高低温型、高强度型、导电型等九个系列26种修补剂,用户可根据需修补的材质和使用条件,选用相应的修补剂.价格低廉,仅为进口同类产品价格的三分之一左右.天工“超金属”修补剂对材质相同的或材质不同的金属和非金属均有很高的粘接强度,广泛用于机械零件的耐磨损、耐腐蚀修复、预保护涂层和结构边接、固定、密封、堵漏、绝缘、导电,也用于修补零件上的各种缺陷,如裂纹、划伤、尺寸超差、铸造缺陷等.     

高能微脉冲表面强化修复45CrNiMoVA传动轴性能试验研究

针对某大型船用传动轴工作轴颈表面产生腐蚀坑的问题,采用高能微脉冲表面强化修复技术对试验样轴进行修复。通过拉伸试验筛选了焊丝,采用光学显微镜和显微硬度计分析了修复层的显微组织和硬度,研究了扭转条件下修复层与基体的结合强度。结果表明:Ni-818焊丝修复层与基体的结合强度高,抗拉强度为557MPa;修复层显微组织均匀、致密,硬度差异小;当扭矩为200N.m,且表面最大剪应力为438MPa时,修复层和基体之间结合良好。由此得出结论:采用高能微脉冲表面强化修复技术,使用Ni-818焊丝可实现对45CrNiMoVA传动轴的表面强化修复。     

FeAlCrNbB金属间化合物复合涂层的制备与表征

研究开发了一种FeAlCrNbB新型喷涂粉芯丝材,并结合自动化高速电弧喷涂工艺制备了该材料的复合涂层,分析了涂层的常规力学性能、组织结构和油润滑条件下的滑动摩擦磨损性能,并和常规FeAl涂层进行了对比。结果显示:FeAlCrNbB涂层具有相对较高的显微硬度和拉伸结合强度、低的孔隙率,组织致密,形成了由Fe-Al金属间化合物相、氧化物以及少量非晶和纳米晶组成的复合结构,由于这种复合结构的材料特征,使涂层具备较好的耐磨损性能。     

铝青铜水下湿法激光焊接焊缝成形与力学性能

为解决湿法焊接焊缝质量不高的问题,对铝青铜材料展开水下湿法激光焊接实验,利用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)、显微硬度仪、万能试验机分别检测和分析了焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:铝青铜水下湿法焊接会出现大量气孔,水深增加会导致气孔增多,提高焊接速度可以改善焊缝成形质量,通过在基体表面预置自蔓延粉末能够有效减少气孔;焊缝中上部为胞状晶组织,底部为发达的树枝晶;焊缝平均硬度为240 HV,与基体相比提高了50%;拉伸试验试件均断裂在焊缝处,平均拉伸强度为235 MPa,为基体的43%。     

超音速微粒沉积Ti-45Al-7Nb-4Cr涂层的摩擦学性能

针对铝合金表面硬度低和易磨损的问题,采用超音速微粒沉积技术在5083铝合金表面制备了Ti-45Al-7Nb-4Cr合金涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对涂层微观形貌和物相组成进行了观察和分析,并对比测试了5083铝合金、Ti-45Al-7Nb-4Cr合金铸锭和涂层的显微硬度和摩擦学性能。结果表明:Ti-45Al-7Nb-4Cr合金涂层内部颗粒间存在冶金结合和机械嵌合2种结合方式,涂层与5083铝合金基体的结合方式为机械嵌合;涂层主要相组成为γ-Ti Al、α2-Ti3Al和β-Ti相;通过在5083铝合金表面制备Ti-45Al-7Nb-4Cr合金涂层,显微硬度提高4倍以上,磨损体积减少69%以上;涂层的磨损机理为磨料磨损和氧化磨损,具有较好的耐磨性能。     

纳米SiO2颗粒增强铜基复合材料性能研究

以纳米SiO2颗粒为增强体,采用粉末冶金法制备铜基纳米复合材料.考察不同质量分数的纳米颗粒对复合材料密度、硬度以及摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明纳米SiO2颗粒的加入,使铜基体的硬度和摩擦磨损性能都得到了明显提高;但随着纳米SiO2质量分数的增加,复合材料的密度和硬度均呈下降趋势;当纳米SiO2质量分数为0.3 %时,复合材料的减摩耐磨性最好.     

球磨时间对纳米SiO_2/Cu复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

采用球磨法与热压烧结工艺制备了添加w（n-SiO2）=1.0%的铜基纳米复合材料。通过球盘式摩擦磨损试验机测试了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,采用排水法和场发射扫描电镜（FSEM）研究了复合材料的致密度、显微组织和磨损形貌。结果表明：球磨可提高复合材料的致密度,改善n-SiO2在铜基体中的分散均匀性;随球磨时间的增加,复合材料的动摩擦因数和磨损量先减小后增加,球磨10 h复合材料具有较低的摩擦因数和磨损量,磨损机理主要为磨料磨损。     

Synergistic effect of hybrid Himalayan Nettle/Bauhinia-vahlii fibers on physico-mechanical and sliding wear properties of epoxy composites

The cellulosic bast fibers are recognized as a justifiable and biodegradable substitute for producing moderate strength polymer composite materials because of their characteristics of renewability, eco-friendliness, and higher specific strength. Hence the aim of this research work is to fabricate Himalayan bast fibers (Nettle fiber (NF)/bauhinia vahlii fiber (BF)) based mono/hybrid epoxy composites at varying weight percentage of 2–6 wt% and evaluate the physical (void fraction and water absorption), mechanical (tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness) and sliding wear properties of as-fabricated composites. The 6 wt% NBF reinforced composites exhibited higher mechanical properties as compared to NF and BF composites with tensile strength of 34.04 MPa, flexural strength of 42.45 MPa, and hardness of 37.01 H_v respectively. The influence of various control factors (sliding velocity, NF/BF/NBF contents, normal load and sliding distance) on specific sliding wear rate of composites was evaluated by Taguchi (three factors at three levels) experimental design and the percentage contribution of these selected parameters on sliding wear performance was examined by Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The sliding wear property of as-developed composites was found to be greatly influenced by sliding velocity and the wear resistance was observed to be improved with the NF/BF/NBF contents. The wear mechanism of the as-fabricated composites has been elucidated by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The research outcomes demonstrated that the hybridization of Bauhinia vahlii fiber with Nettle fiber led to improve the mechanical and wear properties of epoxy composites.     

Friction stir surfacing of cast A356 aluminiumesilicon alloy with boron carbide and molybdenum disulphide powders

Good castability and high strength properties of Ale Si alloys are useful in defence applications like torpedoes,manufacture of Missile bodies,and parts of automobile such as engine cylinders and pistons.Poor wear resistance of the alloys is major limitation for their use.Friction stir processing(FSP) is a recognized surfacing technique as it overcomes the problems of fusion route surface modification methods.Keeping in view of the requirement of improving wear resistance of cast aluminiumesilicon alloy,friction stir processing was attempted for surface modification with boron carbide(B4C) and molybdenum disulfide(Mo S2) powders.Metallography,micro compositional analysis,hardness and pin-on-disc wear testing were used for characterizing the surface composite coating.Microscopic study revealed breaking of coarse silicon needles and uniformly distributed carbides in the A356 alloy matrix after FSP.Improvement and uniformity in hardness was obtained in surface composite layer.Higher wear resistance was achieved in friction stir processed coating with carbide powders.Addition of solid lubricant Mo S2 powder was found to improve wear resistance of the base metal significantly.     

Enhancement of wear and ballistic resistance of armour grade AA7075 aluminium alloy using friction stir processing

Industrial applications of aluminium and its alloys are restricted because of their poor tribological properties. Thermal spraying, laser surfacing, electron beam welding are the most widely used techniques to alter the surface morphology of base metal. Preliminary studies reveal that the coating and layering of aluminium alloys with ceramic particles enhance the ballistic resistance. Furthermore, among aluminium alloys,7075 aluminium alloy exhibits high strength which can be compared to that of steels and has profound applications in the designing of lightweight fortification structures and integrated protection systems. Having limitations such as poor bond integrity, formation of detrimental phases and interfacial reaction between reinforcement and substrate using fusion route to deposit hard particles paves the way to adopt friction stir processing for fabricating surface composites using different sizes of boron carbide particles as reinforcement on armour grade 7075 aluminium alloy as matrix in the present investigation. Wear and ballistic tests were carried out to assess the performance of friction stir processed AA7075 alloy. Significant improvement in wear resistance of friction stir processed surface composites is attributed to the change in wear mechanism from abrasion to adhesion. It has also been observed that the surface metal matrix composites have shown better ballistic resistance compared to the substrate AA7075 alloy. Addition of solid lubricant Mo S2 has reduced the depth of penetration of the projectile to half that of base metal AA7075 alloy. For the first time, the friction stir processing technique was successfully used to improve the wear and ballistic resistances of armour grade high strength AA7075 alloy.     

磁流变液的摩擦与润滑

采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了羰基铁-矿物油体系磁流变液和基础油摩擦系数随时间的变化曲线、磨斑直径,用扫描电镜观察了磨痕表面形貌.结果表明,与基础油相比,磁流变液的摩擦加剧,润滑性能降低,磁性颗粒是导致其润滑性能下降的首要原因;摩擦磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损,表现为犁沟效应.     

纳米SiO_2在润滑油中的高温摩擦学性能

采用多功能SRV试验机考察了纳米SiO2在菜籽油中的高温摩擦学性能,利用表面轮廓仪观察磨损表面形貌。结果表明,在恒定负荷试验中,纳米SiO2能明显改善菜籽油的高温减摩抗磨性能,在500℃时,摩擦因数仅为0.16,磨损量降低了80%以上。在连续加载的高温试验中,当试验温度为200℃时,纳米SiO2对菜籽油的减摩抗磨性能没有明显的改善;而当试验温度达到500℃时,纳米SiO2能明显地改善菜籽油的减摩抗磨性能,在大负荷(500N)的情况下更为突出。     

Experimental investigations on wear properties of Palm kernel reinforced composites for brake pad applications

The use of asbestos material is being avoided to manufacture the brake pads as it is harmful and toxic in nature. Further it leads to various health issues like asbestosis, mesothelioma and lung cancers. These brake pads can be replaced by natural fibers like Palm kernel (0–50%), Nile roses (0–15%) and Wheat (0–10%) with additives like aluminum oxide (5%–20%) and graphite powder (10%–35%). Phenolic resin of 35% is utilized as a binder. Particulated Nile roses are used to increase the friction coefficient and wheat powder is used to reduce the wear rate. Aluminum oxide and graphite are abrasive in nature. This helps to make brake pads with high friction co-efficient and less wear rate with low noise pollution. The wear of the proposed composites have been investigated at different speeds. Various tests like wear on pin-on-disc apparatus, hardness on the Rockwell hardness apparatus and oil absorption test have been conducted. Phenolic resin produces good bonding nature to fiber. Thus, Fibers found to have performed palatably among all commercial brake pads. The objective of the research indicates that Palm kernal shell could be a conceivable alternative for asbestos in friction coating materials.     

基于变转速的柴油抗磨性评定方法

以MRS-1J型四球摩擦磨损试验机为平台,提出了一种变转速条件下柴油抗磨性评定方法。利用VC＋＋对试验机软件进行了改进,增加了负荷-转速程序控制功能,实现了试验机自由设置转速、负荷的变化范围、变化速率和变化模式。通过正交试验方法确定了最佳试验条件,发现试验时间3N1min,负荷11N2N,油温60℃,转速在1 min内由100 r/min线性上升至20N3r/min再线性下降至100 r/min并依次循环时,该试验方法具有良好的重复性和区分性。在与高频往复试验机法的对比中,发现该方法的磨斑直径变化率大于高频往复试验机法,证明变转速四球机法优于高频往复试验机法。     

润滑油纳米铜添加剂及其对不同粗糙度表面的减摩自修复行为

采用KBH4液相还原法制备了纳米铜添加剂,采用透射电子显微镜对纳米铜添加剂进行了表征,通过摩擦磨损试验机测试了纳米铜添加剂对4种不同粗糙度摩擦表面所表现的抗磨减摩性能,并对不同的磨损表面进行了光学显微镜和能谱分析。结果表明:纳米铜添加剂为分散性能稳定的20nm的球形颗粒;纳米铜添加剂具有良好的抗磨减摩性能,尤其是对于光滑的摩擦表面,与基础油相比,可使摩擦因数降低24%。纳米铜添加剂还具有良好的自修复性能,摩擦过程中,能够在摩擦表面形成一层高弹性低硬度的自修复膜,自修复效果对于光滑的摩擦表面更为显著。     

磁控溅射工艺对CrN基复合涂层微观结构及摩擦学性能的影响

采用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射技术在不锈钢基体上制备了不同质量分数Mo的CrMoN复合涂层。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDX）和光电子能谱仪（XPS）,系统分析了CrMoN复合涂层的相结构、表面形貌、成分、原子化合价价态等,结果表明：添加Mo后,CrMoN涂层的择优取向由CrN涂层的（220）转变为（200）,CrMoN涂层中的Mo原子取代了CrN晶格中的Cr原子,形成（Cr,Mo）N置换固溶体。采用Nano Test 600硬度测试仪测定了CrMoN复合涂层的纳米硬度,结果表明：由于CrN相和MoN两种硬相的协同作用,使得CrMoN复合涂层的纳米硬度值增大。采用多功能摩擦磨损试验机测定了CrN涂层及CrMoN复合涂层的摩擦因数,结果表明：CrMoN复合涂层的摩擦因数低于CrN涂层,磨损过程中由于摩擦热反应生成大量MoO3,使得复合膜的摩擦因数降低,起到了一定的润滑效果,降低了磨损量。