美国的战争指挥中心——五角大楼

美参联会《2010联合作战设想》中首次提出了联合作战新概念“主导布势”。所谓“主导布势”就是力求全面控制作战空间。美军认为,作战空间不仅是指部队探测、跟踪、打击敌人的三维空间,还包括时间、速度和电磁频谱等因素在内的“全维空间”。控制作战空间就是要在空、地、海、天、电磁多维度上综合发挥美军信息、机动和作战能力的优势,形成全方位、全时空控制战场和直接威逼敌重心的主导态势,力求少战甚至不战而屈人之兵。这种“主导布势”显然比过去“夺取战场主动权”的观念有所扩展。美军控制作战空间的主要方法是：     

基于MAS的战场电磁频谱管控系统总体结构设计

为适应信息化条件下联合作战中电磁频谱管控分布性、实时性、动态性等需求,基于MAS理论与技术,对战场电磁频谱管控原型系统的总体结构进行了设计.论述了战场电磁频谱管控的工作流程,建立了基于合同网协议的多Agent模型,并按照BDI体系架构技术,对战场电磁频谱功能Agent、职能Agent和应用Agent的结构进行了详细设计...     

美军战场频谱管理研究

现代战争将是陆、海、空、天、电磁“五维一体”的联合作战,战场处于广阔的电源环境中,无线电频率成为影响战争全局的极其重要的战略,战术 资源和力量。第战争等现代高已经证明,除了采用新的通信和技术外,高效的战场频民是提高通信、电子系统抗干扰与电子反对抗能力的有效途径之一。因此加强对战场频谱的管理研究工作具有十分重要的作用。本文从如何提高通信电子系统整体抗干扰能力的角度,综合分析了美军战场频管理任务和军以     

战场电磁频谱实时管理问题研究

高技术条件下的作战,参战力量多元,各种各样的电子信息作战装备同时应用于战场,加之敌方激烈的电磁干扰以及民用电磁设施的影响,使得战场电磁环境极其复杂,可用频谱资源十分有限.在这种情况下,只有加强战场电磁频谱实时管理才能充分、合理地利用电磁频谱,达成最佳作战目的.本文正是基于对战场电磁频谱实时管理这一重要问题,提出一些新的想法,对未来作战中进行战场电磁频谱实时管理有一定的现实意义.     

战场电磁频谱实时管理问题研究

高技术条件下的作战,参战力量多元,各种各样的电子信息作战装备同时应用于战场,加之敌方对我进行激烈的电磁干扰以及民用电磁设施的影响,使得战场电磁环境极其复杂,可用频谱资源十分有限.在这种情况下,只有加强战场电磁频谱实时管理才能充分、合理地利用电磁频谱,达成最佳作战目的.本文正是基于对战场电磁频谱实时管理这一重要问题,提出一些新的想法,对未来作战中进行战场电磁频谱实时管理有很大指导意义.     

美军频谱认证过程研究

对美军频谱认证过程(DOD SCP)进行了研究,分析了美军频谱认证过程提出的原因和频谱认证中各机构的角色定位、相互关系以及操作流程,分析了美军频谱认证过程实施中遇到的问题,总结了美军解决这些问题采取的措施,分析了美军2007年新的国防频谱管理战略计划的主要特点和战略取向,分析了美军全球电磁信息系统(GEMSIS)的目标和主要特点,分析了联合构想2020(Joint Vision 2020)计划各部分之间的关系,提出了对我国频谱管理的启示。     

美军联合作战情报支援有关问题

情报支援是各种军事行动的基础。情报对于有效制定计划、保密和实施欺骗十分重要,取得作战的胜利在很大程度上取决于获得更多更准确的战场情报。从美军联合作战情报支援的重要性入手,分析了美军联合作战中情报支援的基本原则,探索了美军联合作战情报支援的主要措施。研究表明,借鉴美军联合作战情报支援的经验和做法,可以推进我军联合作战情报与支援的理论研究。     

海战区舰艇通信频谱管理技术研究

海战场电磁环境日趋复杂,加强对海战场频谱管理的研究刻不容缓。本文通过分析海战区面临的电磁环境形式,建立了海战区频谱管理的模型,探讨了海战区频谱管理应实现的功能。     

加强战场频谱管理，提高综合抗干扰能力

本文是从电磁频谱管理的角度谈如何提高综合抗干扰的能力。在为什么要加强频谱管理方面,分析了电磁斗争的战场在哪里,无线电装备发展对频谱管理的需求,并提出了在电磁频谱上采取积极电子防御的观点。在如何加强战场频谱管理方面,提出了建立频谱管理体制、增加感知能力和发展装备等观点,并提出了在无线电装备中增加频谱管理功能和打击敌方干扰系统的建议。     

着力提高人民防空指挥的电磁防护能力

美军前参联会主席穆勒上将曾预言：“如果发生第三次世界大战,获胜者必将是最善于控制和运用电磁频谱的一方。”随着各种军用和民用电子装备、设备和器材的广泛应用,以及客观存在的自然电磁辐射,诸多电磁信号将充斥于信息化条件下的战场空间。信息化战场无论是在电磁设备数量上的庞杂性和电磁频谱种类上的多样性,还是在电磁信号存在上的交织性和电磁对抗程度上的激烈性等方面都远远超过以往战场,形成一个密集、繁杂而动态的复杂战场电磁环境。复杂电磁环境对人民防空指挥产生许多干扰与影响,迫切需要提高人民防空指挥的电磁防护能力,以更好地适应新的战场环境。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.