浮式振荡立轴叶轮的三维效应影响

为研究振荡运动下立轴水轮机的三维效应影响,采用ANSYS CFX软件三维模拟立轴水轮机在不同展弦下的振荡运动（横荡、纵荡）,并与二维模拟的立轴水轮机作对比,通过最小二乘法拟合计算得到水轮机推力和侧向力系数时域结果,分析得到不同展弦比下水轮机阻尼系数和附加质量系数。结果表明：随着展弦比增大,叶轮潮流能的转换效率逐渐增大;三维振荡叶轮的水动力载荷与叶轮展长呈正相关,当展弦比达到10时其水动力载荷及能量转换效率和二维的计算结果相当;三维水轮机水动力系数常数项和阻尼项随展弦比增大而增大。     

小水线面双体船横摇阻尼特性数值与试验研究

针对安装稳定鳍的小水线面双体船开展了零速静水自由横摇衰减数值与试验研究。通过不确定度分析验证数值计算方法的可靠性,进而对比船体的线性横摇阻尼和非线性横摇阻尼,并分析摩擦阻尼和稳定鳍对小水线面双体船横摇恢复力矩的影响规律。结果表明:由数值计算求得的自由横摇衰减曲线与试验结果吻合良好;在线性横摇运动假设下,线性横摇阻尼系数随着初始横倾角的增加而增大;将通过数值计算求得的非线性阻尼系数代入到非线性横摇运动方程中能准确地模拟船体的自由横摇衰减运动;摩擦阻尼和稳定鳍对小水线面双体船零速静水自由横摇时的横摇恢复力矩贡献很小。     

采用附加谐振器的压电俘能器动力学建模及振动特性分析

基于压电振动系统的Lagrangian方程,推导了含附加谐振器的压电俘能器机电耦合动力学模型,给出了输出电压的频域表达式,探讨了谐振器中弹簧刚度、质量块质量、阻尼系数以及负载电阻、激振频率等参数对输出电压的幅频特性的影响。分析结果表明:附加谐振结构使得压电俘能器出现二阶谐振,随着弹簧刚度的增加,二阶谐振频率逐渐增加;随着质量块质量的增加,二阶谐振频率逐渐减小;阻尼系数仅对二阶谐振峰值有影响,且峰值随阻尼系数的增加而减小;一阶谐振峰值随激振频率的增加而增加,且一阶谐振频率逐渐向二阶谐振频率偏移;负载电阻不影响谐振频率,系统输出电压和输出功率随着负载电阻的增加而增加。     

吸力锚抢修平台气浮拖航影响因素分析

以海军吸力锚抢修平台为研究对象,通过MOSES对该结构在不同波高、波周期、吃水深度和系缆点位置的拖缆张力、锚内气压以及垂荡和纵摇运动进行了模拟分析,得到如下结论:随着波高的增加,其摇荡幅值和拖缆张力增大;在结构设计和实际拖航中必须通过合理的锚位布置以及航向、航速控制避开波能集中区;系缆点位置设置在吃水以下一定高度可以显著降低拖缆张力并提高拖航安全性。     

均匀及线性变化水深对移动载荷激励冰层响应特性的影响

为研究水深变化对移动载荷激励冰层响应特性的影响,采用有限元分析软件对其进行了数值模拟,计算得到了均匀水深和水深线性变化时冰层的响应特性。将数值计算结果与实冰实验数据进行了比较,发现临界速度值、冰层位移响应波形特征与实验结果一致,且不同速度下的最大下陷值也与实验结果一致。此外,在总结均匀水深冰层位移响应变化计算规律的基础上,对水深线性变化时的冰层位移响应特性进行了数值计算。计算结果表明:当载荷沿水深增加方向运动时,临界速度大于均匀水深情况;沿水深减小方向运动时,临界速度小于均匀水深情况;沿水深增加方向运动比沿水深减小方向运动更容易使冰层破裂。     

球体结构近水面运动过程附加质量研究

基于CFD平台,运用VOF法和动网格技术,针对球体结构近水面运动过程提出了一种新的附加质量求解方法,推导了相应的数学公式,构建了数值模型,设定不同的运动规律对方法进行了验证分析,在此基础上,计算了不同浸深状态时球体结构的附加质量。结论表明,提出的求解方法正确有效;接近自由面过程中,球体结构的垂向和横向附加质量均呈下降趋势,顶端刚好接触自由面时分别下降29.6%和16.2%,对球体结构稳定性、安全性设计的影响不可忽略。     

纵桁对环肋圆柱壳体水下振动与声辐射的影响

采用结构有限元耦合流体边界元的附加质量附加阻尼算法,对具有不同数量纵桁的加筋环肋圆柱壳水下振动与声辐射噪声进行了数值计算,并对数值计算结果进行了初步的比较和分析,讨论了纵桁的数量对圆柱壳水下振动与声辐射的影响.结果表明:纵桁对圆柱壳水下的减振降噪有较好的效果,并且纵桁的数量越多,减振降噪效果越好,但增加纵桁的数量也相应增加了艇体的重量,在潜艇结构设计时须在降噪及艇体重量间综合权衡.     

激光重复频率对吸气式多脉冲激光推进冲量耦合系数的影响

针对实验室已有的平顶抛物形喷管,数值模拟了单脉冲激光能量为500J时,不同激光重复频率下的激波流场演化过程,分析了喷管内激波流场对后续脉冲的影响,得到了冲量耦合系数随激光重复频率的变化规律。结果表明:激光重复频率在10～100Hz范围内,冲量耦合系数随频率的增加显著减小;在100～400Hz范围内,冲量耦合系数下降趋势变缓;随着脉冲数目的增多,喷管内气体密度降低,后续脉冲受到之前激波流场影响增大,推进性能降低。     

舰船水压场畸变的数值模拟

用有限基本解法对舰船下方附加翼板后的水压场进行了数值模拟。分光体船、附加单翼板和附加双翼板三种情况,在不同的水深下分别进行计算,获得了相应的纵向通过特性曲线,并与实验结果进行了比较。在不同的翼板位置、攻角和离船底距离下对水压场进行计算,以优化得到最佳水压场畸变效果。     

L(0,1)模态导波在小管径管道弯头处的散射特性

采用实验和有限元模拟的方法研究了L(0,1)模态导波在小管径管道弯头处的模态转换和反射、透射特性,分别使用不同频率的激励信号对含不同弯曲半径弯头的管道进行检测。研究结果表明:L(0,1)模态导波在管道弯头处发生模态转换,转换成F(1,1)模态,并且其偏振方向与弯头拱背—拱腹方向一致;随着检测频率和弯曲半径的增大,反射F(1,1)模态呈减小趋势,透射F(1,1)模态呈非单调变化趋势;反射L(0,1)模态导波呈减小趋势,透射L(0,1)模态导波呈增大趋势;当检测频率或弯曲半径增大到一定程度时,两参数的变化对反射F(1,1)模态、反射L(0,1)模态和透射L(0,1)模态的影响不大。实验结果与模拟结果吻合度高,验证了模拟结果的正确性。研究结论为检测小管径含弯头管道提供了理论指导。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.