基于模拟退火算法的电子侦察卫星任务规划问题研究

在分析电子侦察卫星的工作原理及其所担负的使命任务的基础上,首先给出了电子侦察卫星任务规划的基本过程;然后在明确电子侦察卫星任务规划问题的基本输入输出和一些基本假定的基础上,建立电子侦察卫星静态任务规划的混合整数规划模型;最后提出了一种解决电子侦察卫星任务规划问题的模拟退火算法(simulated annealing,SA)。实验结果表明:该算法有效地解决了针对固定目标的电子侦察卫星任务规划问题。     

卫星对地观测任务全周期规划模型

为解决应急条件下卫星对地观测任务时间紧迫的问题,从卫星执行对地观测任务的全过程出发,提出了卫星对地观测任务全周期规划模型,综合考虑卫星完成任务的各个阶段,缩短整个任务的执行时间,使其满足应急条件下的时间需求。采用启发式算法求解,并研究了基于冲突队列的解的调整优化策略。实验验证所提的模型和算法能够较好地解决卫星对地观测任务规划问题,在时间紧迫的条件下与传统的各阶段的独立任务规划相比,能够提高任务的完成率,具有实际的应用价值。     

光学成像侦察卫星作战效能分析

为支持航天装备体系作战效能评估,建立了光学成像侦察卫星性能指标与卫星发现目标概率和定位精度的关系以及信息处理与传递模型.以支持导弹打击大型移动目标为例,以命中目标概率为作战效能指标,建立了光学成像侦察卫星作战效能模型.对模型进行了仿真,分析了影响卫星作战效能的主要因素.仿真结果表明所建模型能够合理反映光学成像侦察卫星对作战结果的影响,可用于从顶层分析航天装备.     

光学成像侦察卫星威胁评估方法

未来作战中地面部队将面临越来越多来自空间的威胁,其中最突出的是侦察卫星威胁。以光学成像侦察卫星为例,进行了卫星威胁评估方法研究。首先探讨了卫星图像品质评价方法和影响因素,建立了侦察卫星对地面目标的检测概率模型,并引入光照、气象、对比度影响因子对检测概率进行修正。在此基础上考虑军事任务需求建立了针对目标尺寸已知情况下的威胁度计算模型,进一步按照目标大小划分威胁等级,给出了卫星威胁等级评价方法,所得到的威胁等级指标可为军事行动提供参考。最后给出了光学侦察卫星威胁评估应用实例。     

基于MOEO的电子侦察卫星多目标规划方法

分析了电子侦察卫星任务规划问题的内涵,基于合理假设建立了问题的多目标规划模型;设计了一种基于MOEO(Multi-objective Extremal Optimization)的多目标极值优化算法对模型进行求解,提出了一种针对电子侦察卫星规划问题的随机交换变异算子对解空间进行搜索;同时,为防止Pareto近似最优解的...     

光学侦察卫星对地机动目标侦察性能的评估北大核心

建立了基于改进Johnson判则的光学成像侦察卫星对地面机动目标检测概率模型。模型针对机动目标位置变化、运动速度与方向随机性等特点,提出了一种基于高斯分布的目标转移概率密度函数,用以评估卫星搜寻到目标的概率,将原适用于静态目标检测概率计算的Johnson判则,用于机动目标。通过Matlab/STK联合仿真,验证卫星对机动目标的覆盖情况和发现、识别和确认目标的概率性能。模型以发现、识别和确认目标的概率来描述光学成像侦察卫星对地面机动目标的侦察性能,卫星对地面机动目标的侦察性能可以作为规划机动目标行动方案的依据,有助于机动目标规避侦察。     

光学侦察卫星对地机动目标侦察性能的评估

建立了基于改进Johnson判则的光学成像侦察卫星对地面机动目标检测概率模型。模型针对机动目标位置变化、运动速度与方向随机性等特点,提出了一种基于高斯分布的目标转移概率密度函数,用以评估卫星搜寻到目标的概率,将原适用于静态目标检测概率计算的Johnson判则,用于机动目标。通过Matlab/STK联合仿真,验证卫星对机动目标的覆盖情况和发现、识别和确认目标的概率性能。模型以发现、识别和确认目标的概率来描述光学成像侦察卫星对地面机动目标的侦察性能,卫星对地面机动目标的侦察性能可以作为规划机动目标行动方案的依据,有助于机动目标规避侦察。     

敏捷卫星任务规划问题研究现状与展望

任务规划是敏捷卫星执行对地观测任务的有效支撑和重要保证,为深刻理解和准确把握敏捷卫星任务规划研究中的关键问题,对国内外相关研究进行了总结分析,并对下一步研究进行展望。首先阐述了敏捷卫星任务规划问题的描述要素、分类方法和求解难点,然后从点目标、区域目标、立体成像、长条带目标4个方面梳理了敏捷卫星任务规划的研究进展;最后分析了目前研究中存在的成像模式研究较少、规划模型不完善、评价方法单一等问题,并结合发展需求,提出需要从多种成像模式下的任务规划、敏捷卫星组网协同和自主任务规划、高效的求解算法等方面展开进一步研究。     

一种航天侦察任务-资源匹配的负载均衡方法

当前航天侦察任务预处理方法一般仅从任务需求的角度考虑资源分配问题,容易导致负载不均衡,对此提出了一种综合考虑任务需求与资源负载的任务-资源匹配方法.分析了资源负载均衡需要考虑的任务要素以及相应的描述方法,提出用任务执行概率度量卫星资源负载状况,基于任务流模型给出了单任务执行概率的估算公式,并给出了一种简易的多任务执行概...     

元任务插入的多星成像侦察任务聚类启发式算法

在多颗卫星协同执行侦察任务时,多星成像侦察任务聚类能够提高多颗卫星的整体侦察效率。根据卫星成像侦察元任务之间的聚类关系及约束条件,建立了数学规划模型,并提出了模型求解的基于元任务插入的启发式聚类算法,最后结合实例验证了算法的有效性。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.