高超声速滑翔目标拦截弹方案设计与弹道规划北大核心

针对高超声速滑翔目标的拦截问题,分析了拦截窗口、拦截方式以及毁伤方式等拦截问题,并提出了拦截弹总体方案及弹道规划需求;开展了拦截弹总体方案设计,设计了一种两级助推的拦截弹方案,确定了推进系统、操纵系统的总体基本参数,并完成了拦截弹气动外形设计与质心定位;构建了拦截弹弹道规划的分析方法和工具,根据设计约束开展了针对HTV-2高超声速滑翔目标的拦截弹道规划研究,采用粒子群算法对弹道进行了求解。结果表明:采用空基拦截的方式可达到预期的最大拦截速度,满足拦截弹拦截滑翔武器的速度约束指标;此外开展了该拦截弹拦截概率评估,确定了针对高超声速滑翔目标可采用分层防御的方式从多个拦截站依次拦截。     

基于动力特征模板的无源探测主动段弹道估计

针对单飞行器采用无源探测手段对拦截弹主动段进行弹道估计的问题,提出一种基于动力特征模板的多模型自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波(MMAE-UKF)算法。在观测信息不完备的条件下,通过引入拦截弹动力特征模板,将飞行程序角模型设计参数与发射方位角增广为目标状态分量,基于程序角模型和动力特征模板构建非线性MMAE模型集,采用MMAE-UKF算法对拦截弹的程序角模型和设计参数进行辨识,同时对拦截弹主动段运动状态进行估计。仿真结果表明,算法能够快速准确辨识出拦截弹主动段采用的程序角模型及设计参数;与传统的增广状态滤波算法相比,运动状态估计误差显著减小,滤波稳定速度大幅度提高。     

用于拦截弹的弹上控制装置研制

弹上控制装置是拦截弹的重要组成部分,其决定了拦截弹是否可以对目标进行可靠拦截。弹上控制装置既要保证拦截弹运输过程中的安全性,又要确保拦截弹发射后的可靠点火动作。介绍了弹上控制器的设计内容、关键技术和研制过程中遇到的问题,重点介绍了双环境力解保设计方法,并对下一步的工作进行了展望。     

动能拦截弹技术发展现状与趋势

介绍了美国动能拦截弹及其相关技术的发展现状及趋势.美国是最先开发研究动能杀伤器和动能拦截弹技术的国家,现已部署地基拦截弹、标准-3导弹、爱国者先进能力3导弹,并已具备初始作战能力;末段高层防御拦截弹也进入生产和部署阶段;正在开发的助推段拦截弹和多杀伤器技术也已取得很大进展.动能拦截弹已成为当前最先进、最有效的反导武器.     

大气层内姿控反导导弹末端控制技术研究

未来战争是高技术战争,随着战术弹道导弹(TBM)及其技术的发展,TBM已成为现代战争中的核心武器,与此同时TBM的使用也对防空系统构成了严重的威胁,所以有效拦截TBM已成为现代防空作战的重要任务之一。TBM具有高速大机动的特点,因此拦截弹在末制导段的精确制导及复合控制是保证拦截弹最终完成摧毁效果的关键。总结了拦截弹末制导的情况,建立了拦截弹数学模型,设计了直接力/气动力复合控制系统,最后对拦截弹末制导段进行了仿真。结果表明,所设计的制导控制系统具有很强的自适应性和鲁棒性,制导精度满足要求。     

面向空域和机动性的拦截弹能量管理优化研究

研究了拦截弹能量管理优化问题,通过分配拦截弹的第3级双脉冲固体发动机推进剂装药量,使拦截弹的作战空域和机动性综合最优。首先建立了拦截弹质量和动力模型,然后提出了拦截弹空域、全弹和第3级Ⅱ脉冲机动性分别最大的单目标优化模型,以及其综合性能最优的多目标优化模型。最后采用粒子群优化算法,面向拦截弹空域和机动性,对第3级双脉冲装药量分配进行了优化及分析。     

中段反导火力单元优化部署研究

针对来袭的弹道导弹进行拦截的问题,分析了中段拦截的交战过程,建立简化的拦截弹的弹道模型。将拦截剩余时间,迎击角和拦截时来袭导弹的速度作为优化指标,依据拦截弹的拦截高度和拦截斜距,选定拦截弹可能部署的位置区域,并采用网格划分方式对该区域进行均匀离散化处理。对不同位置下的拦截弹的射击有利度进行分析,最后得出对于已知来袭目标弹道轨迹时的拦截弹的最优部署位置。为构建中段反导防御体系和多层反导防御体系提供了一种量化的计算方法,对反导作战具有一定的理论指导意义。     

临近空间高超声速目标拦截弹弹道规划

利用弹道规划设计了针对临近空间高超声速飞行器的拦截弹道。分析了临近空间高超声速目标拦截问题,将其定性为临近空间的远程高超声速拦截,并提出弹道规划需求;设计了一种两级助推的拦截弹,建立了考虑地球曲率和自转的拦截弹质点平面运动模型;根据弹道规划需求设计弹道约束,以末速最大、与终点距离误差最小和全程热量最小为指标建立拦截弹弹道规划问题;采用粒子群算法求解弹道,结果表明:符合约束的规划弹道是高抛再入形式,与比例导引弹道和准最佳弹道相比,拦截弹大部分时间飞行在大气层外,有效降低了气动热效应影响和对弹体材料的性能需求,且为末制导段提供良好的初始工作环境。     

基于仿真的深弹拦截鱼雷作战效能评估分析方法

拦截概率是反映悬浮式深弹拦截鱼雷作战效能的一项关键指标。结合战场态势对拦截概率及其影响因素进行了分析,提出了深弹阵对预定拦截线有效覆盖的问题;分析并提出了有效投影区间的计算公式,建立了拦截概率的理论计算模型;提出了基于仿真的拦截概率点估计和区间估计方法。仿真表明,该方法可为深弹拦截鱼雷的指控自动化设计、训战计划制定及其效果分析提供参考。     

基于几何关系的视线指令制导律研究

针对近程车载防空系统拦截空地导弹的制导问题,设计了一种视线指令制导律.首先建立了地面站、拦截弹和空地导弹三者之间相对运动模型,然后以控制拦截弹位于地面站和空地导弹连线上为目标,根据三者在空间的几何关系设计了一种视线指令制导律,并对拦截的可行性进行了分析.仿真结果验证了所设计的制导律能够有效保证地面站的安全,与比例导引律相比,提高了制导精度,缩短了拦截时间.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.