微波脉冲对硅基双极型晶体管的损伤特性（高功率微波技术研究所专题组稿）

利用微波脉冲注入实验平台,对硅基双极型晶体管低噪声放大器进行了损伤效应实验。在微波脉冲对硅基双极型晶体管低噪声放大器损伤的失效分析中,当低噪声放大器增益下降大于10 dB时,发现硅基双极型晶体管出现了永久损伤。通过对比测量硅基双极型晶体管损伤前后的电特性以及利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观测损伤后晶体管的微观特性,结果表明：硅基双极型晶体管被微波脉冲损伤后,基区的硅材料烧蚀导致发射结和集电结短路,不再具有PN结特性,导致器件失效。     

基于加速寿命试验的晶体管静电放电潜在性失效的研究

对高频小功率硅双极结型晶体管2SC3356进行静电放电试验,并利用加速寿命试验原理对两组器件进行加速寿命试验。采用Arrhenius模型对试验结果进行计算分析,发现低于损伤阈值的ESD注入可以使器件的寿命缩短,得出ESD可以在高频小功率硅双极结型晶体管内部造成潜在性失效,使得器件寿命缩短。     

利用行波管放大器产生微波波段拍波实验

介绍了一种先利用初级源进行小功率合成产生微波波段拍波 ,然后再用单只行波管放大器进行功率放大产生较高功率微波波段拍波脉冲的方法 ,目的在于为高功率微波效应研究提供方便、实用的拍波效应源。实验结果显示 :利用单只行波管放大器可以在微波波段产生拍频为 1MHz～几百MHz的拍波 ,并可以调节两个频率分量在总输出中的功率比例 ,实验获取的拍波脉冲输出功率为 2kW ,脉冲重复频率为 10kHz。实践证明 ,这种方法可以满足部分高功率微波拍波效应研究的需要 ,有一定的推广应用价值     

E-PHEMT微波宽带放大器的静电防护电路设计

为提升E-PHEMT微波宽带放大器的抗静电能力,在分析放大器3个端口电路结构的基础上,兼顾静电保护效果、电路尺寸、微波特性与被保护电路的有机结合,提出基于PIN二极管作为基本组成元件的微波宽带放大器静电保护电路的设计方法和思路,并研制出实物样品.通过试验对比放大器改进前后的电性能和抗静电能力,其结果表明:改进后样品的微波特性满足规范要求、抗静电能力由500V提高到2 000V.该设计方法和思路在保障放大器电特性的基础上,提升了放大器的抗静电能力.     

采用HEMT的微波低噪声放大器

本文报告了一种采用最新推出的 HEMT 作为第一级的微波低噪声放大器,分析了它的性能,闸明了其设计思想。最后给出了两个样品的测试结果。     

IGBT开关瞬态实时仿真模型

针对绝缘栅双极性晶体管(IGBT)的开关动态特性,通过分阶段分析IGBT的开通过程和关断过程,并基于函数拟合算法实现了IGBT开关瞬态特性的建模。同时,应用FPGA设计了模块化的了IGBT实时仿真模型,并对该模型进行了性能分析。仿真与实验结果对比验证了该模型的有效性和可行性。     

提高微波功率放大器线性度研究

利用双栅场效应管的特性,对微波功率放大器进行预失真,以提高功率放大器的幅度,相位线性度,使放大器的效率和线性两项主要指标都有了很大的改进。     

小功率伺服放大器功率扩展后的应用

一、问题的提法小功率随动系统在指挥仪中得到了普遍的应用。随着对其品质指标要求的提高,需要研制出一个性能好、品质指标高的伺服放大器已成为一个关键问题。我们在研制电子管放大器、磁放大器、可控硅放大器以及晶体管放大器的过程中,积累了丰富的经验,掌握了大量的实验数据。在以上几种放大器中,应用最普遍的是10瓦交流小功率晶体管伺服放大器。它的各项品质指标都较其他放大器为优。用它来推动φ36机座交流伺服电机,获得了较好     

基于比例危险模型的产品竞争失效分析

突发型失效与退化型失效共存的竞争失效问题在实践中大量存在,一般情况下突发失效是受退化量大小影响的。文中利用比例危险模型分析了突发失效与退化量的关系,给出了竞争失效的一般模型及模型的参数估计方法,最后利用所给模型对强激光装置所用的金属化膜脉冲电容器进行了可靠性分析。     

高功率微波弹的杀伤效果分析与仿真

根据高功率微波弹微波脉冲的攻击入射角,给出了高功率微波弹杀伤区域模型,结合高功率微波损坏和干扰电子元器件的能量阈值,提出了高功率微波弹对目标的失效区、干扰区及安全区的概念,并建立相应的数学模型进行了仿真分析,为高功率微波弹攻击参数的设定及实际的作战运用提供了理论依据。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.