应用电弧喷涂技术治理舰船钢结构腐蚀

本文论述了舰船钢结构的腐蚀机理,腐蚀特点及影响因素.指出电弧喷涂铝复合涂层能够长期有效地对舰船钢结构进行腐蚀保护,延长舰船钢结构的使用寿命,这是其它任何腐蚀防护技术都难以实现的.电弧喷涂铝复合涂层的具体涂层设计是:电弧喷涂铝金属涂层十有机封闭涂料涂层十常规舰船面层涂料涂层.     

舰船自然腐蚀时腐蚀相关电场场源等效方法研究

为解决舰船腐蚀相关电场场源等效问题,从产生机理出发,根据实际舰船结构、海洋环境等条件,提出了舰船自然腐蚀时腐蚀相关电场场源的具体等效方法。该方法的基本场源为沿一定方向放置的异种金属对,并按一定方法将其等效为电偶极子或电流线。在实验室条件下,模拟海洋环境和舰船自然腐蚀时的基本场源,对该场源等效方法的正确性进行验证,验证过程中特别考虑到水域周边岸壁边界的影响。结果表明:所提出的场源等效方法是正确的,可用于对舰船自然腐蚀时水下腐蚀相关电场的分布特点进行预估,也可为舰船水下电场的其他应用提供理论依据。     

复合材料修复损伤钢板抗盐雾腐蚀疲劳实验

复合材料修补舰船钢结构的抗海洋环境能力是衡量修补效果的一个重要指标,选择舰艇应用最迫切的"盐雾腐蚀"作为海洋环境的初步试验,依据GJB150.11-1986《军用设备环境试验方法.盐雾试验》,对边裂纹直条试样进行修补后腐蚀试验;根据GB3075-1982《金属材料.室温疲劳试验方法》对复合材料修补舰船钢结构进行了腐蚀后疲劳试验研究。结果表明:复合材料微波修复舰船结构具有足够抗大气影响能力,完全可以在舰艇结构损伤抢修中推广应用。     

海水电导率对舰船电场等效场源强度影响的实验研究

为掌握海水电导率对舰船水下腐蚀相关电场等效场源强度的影响,首先在实验室中模拟舰船船壳、螺旋桨、海洋环境、外加电流阴极保护系统,并通过外加电流使防护对象处于恒定保护电位;然后,在模拟船壳的不同涂层状态下改变海水电导率,分别测量流至船壳、螺旋桨的防腐电流及总的保护电流;最后,对测量结果进行了分析。结果表明:舰船腐蚀相关静态电场等效场源强度是近似正比于海水电导率的。实验研究结果为舰船腐蚀相关电场等效场源的确定及场的推演换算奠定了基础。     

温度对舰船阴极保护和腐蚀静电场的影响

海水中氧溶解量和海水电导率是影响海水腐蚀性能的重要因素,而这两个因素主要取决于海水的盐度和温度。采用边界元法建立舰船外加电流阴极保护和腐蚀静电场模型,研究不同海水温度下氧溶解量、电导率及氧的扩散系数对舰船腐蚀防腐静电场的影响。结果表明,腐蚀电场峰值随着温度的升高而减小,当两对阳极输出电流分别为13.5 A和8 A时,船体和舵在低温处于过保护状态而在高温处于欠保护状态,螺旋桨和轴在不同温度下均能得到较好的保护。     

水下物体对船舶电场的扰动分析

讨论了海洋船舶腐蚀引起的静电场的基本模型,对GalvanicSystem电场在水中兵器、电场测量体等实体附近可能产生的电场畸变进行了分析计算.理论计算表明:雷体等水下实体对电场的扰动的大小主要取决于雷体与舰船的距离、雷体材料的电阻率、雷体的尺寸.当距离大于10m时,其引起的电场畸变的相对变化率小于2%,由此得出了利用舰船电场远场作为启动信号时可以不考虑电场扰动的结论.     

静水压力交变对高强度船体钢腐蚀行为的影响

采用管形薄壁试样模拟密封结构,通过管形试样的应力状态计算、管形试样和相同尺寸实心圆柱试样的对比腐蚀实验,研究了静水压力交替变化对高强度船体钢在质量百分数为3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:静水压力交替变化引起的溶液中溶解氧变化影响了高压时的电化学过程以及金属表面形成的腐蚀产物,可降低恢复到常压后的金属的腐蚀速度;静水压力交替变化引起了管形薄壁试样表面的应力、应变变化,高压时试样表面的应力增大可明显促进金属的腐蚀,另外,应力、应变的交替变化改变了金属/腐蚀产物的界面性能,显著促进了金属在常压时的腐蚀。在4 MPa静水压力下,管形试样管壁表面产生30.5～34.5MPa的压应力,静水压力交替变化可使金属腐蚀速度增大20%以上。     

Amorphotheca resinae对喷气燃料影响试验研究

在一组油-水体系中接种喷气燃料特征真菌Amorphotheca resinae进行培养,另一组油-水体系作为空白对照,研究Amorphotheca resinae大量繁殖后对喷气燃料理化性能的影响。试验表明:喷气燃料的外观、颗粒度、水分离指数、酸值等受Amorphotheca resinae影响明显,密度、水反应、闪点、冰点等受影响较小。同时,该真菌的存在加剧了油罐的腐蚀,特别是界面生物膜的腐蚀更为严重。     

基于AHP的舰船大风浪中航行安全评价

舰船在大风浪中航行的风险是一个比较重要的研究领域,其风险程度很难用量化进行评估.为了更好地方便研究,并为以后的研究奠定理论基础,采用了层次分析法,建立舰船在大风浪中航行的安全评价体系,同时构造了判断矩阵,并进行了层次单排序一致性检验,求出了每个影响舰船航行安全因素的权重,并通过实例进行解算,得出结果和实际情况相比大致相似.此方法可以较好地对舰船在大风浪中航行的安全进行直观的描述,可供舰船长用来掌握舰船航行的风险情况,进而进行有效的风险决策.     

考虑腐蚀因素的船体结构寿命预测方法

为建立考虑腐蚀因素的船体结构寿命预测方法,在分析现有常用的船体结构腐蚀损伤时变模型的基础上,根据舰船维修保障实际情况建立了考虑腐蚀防护系统作用时间和维修时间等因素的腐蚀时变模型。根据相关规范选择了船体结构腐蚀寿命标准,并建立了一种计算船体结构腐蚀寿命的方法。该方法建立了船体结构腐蚀寿命与腐蚀防护系统作用时间和修理时间等因素之间的量化关系,可以用于预测均匀腐蚀条件下船体结构寿命,也可以反过来指导腐蚀防护系统设计指标的选择和船体结构维修策略的确定。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.