用于无人机着陆的图像处理算法

随着无人机着陆图像处理算法的不断研究和发展,在分析小波变换对噪声和边缘点的影响规律的基础上,结合多尺度乘积的特性,采用了一种基于小波变换的多尺度积的边缘检测新算法.通过边缘检测实验并和其他算法作比较,该算法能有效抑制噪声,获得清晰丰富的边缘且定位精度高,为进一步的无人机着陆图像处理提供一个很好的工具.     

基于多尺度残差网络的自适应边缘检测

为了实现无人机避障过程中的障碍物检测,针对传统边缘检测算法检测速度慢、抗噪性能差、边缘信息易缺失等问题,提出了一种基于多尺度残差网络的自适应边缘检测算法。基于深度可分离卷积,替换ResNet18残差网络中的传统卷积结构有效减少了网络参数量,提高特征提取效率。在综合考虑固定阈值和局部边缘点均值的基础上,引入自适应阈值改进八向差分算子,以提高算法抑制噪声干扰的能力。基于多尺度特征融合结构,在包含更强语义信息的高层特征图上融合低层细节信息,细化小尺度目标边缘特征。与改进前相比,准确率提升了4.23%,参数量降低了5.01×10⁶,处理速度提高了4 fps。     

一种基于小波变换的X线图像边缘检测算法

在小波变换的基础上探讨出一种用于X线图像边缘检测的新算法,能够对X线图像进行边缘检测和分割。通过预处理（去噪,增强）、小波变换实现了图像的二值化。采用新算法及传统方法对X线图像进行边缘提取,并对结果进行比较。实验证明该新算法快速、精确、抗噪能力强。     

基于多尺度形态学操作的超声图像增强方法

针对医学超声图像低对比度和强噪声给医疗诊断和图像处理所带来的困难,通过基于多尺度形态学操作的方法实现图像增强和噪声抑制的目的.该方法将传统的图像增强概念延伸到数学形态学多尺度空间中,利用多尺度形态学操作提取图像多尺度特征,并通过改变这些特征的强度实现图像局部对比度增强和噪声抑制.实验证明,该方法对超声图像局部对比度增强和噪声抑制是有效的.     

基于高阶曲面拟合的边缘检测算法研究

图像的边缘检测是图像分析领域十分重要的基础,在工程应用中占有很重要的地位.提出了一种基于高阶曲面拟合的边缘检测算法.算法首先利用自适应滤波对图像进行了去噪处理,接着通过曲面拟合获取图像的梯度信息,最后用统计方法进行了阈值选取.实验证明该算法得到的边缘图像相对简单,边缘点较少,有利于识别,同时该检测算法也为后续的图像分析、图像理解打下了良好的基础.     

具有分流型抑制机制的视网膜细胞神经网络模型及其应用

视觉细胞之间存在的侧抑制机制能够对接收到的视觉信息进行选择性的提取。运用数学方法模拟视觉细胞之间存在的这种生理机制,提出了一种具有分流型抑制机制的视网膜细胞神经网络模型(SIRCNN),分析了该模型的稳定性,给出了等价电路图,并且基于此模型提出了一种边缘检测算法。将该算法应用于图像边缘检测中,试验结果表明,这种以生物视觉感知机理为基础的神经计算方法可有效地增强图像反差,检测图像边缘。由于细胞神经网络具有高速并行运算、便于硬件实现等特点,因此这种方法在图像实时处理中也具有很大的潜力和应用前景。     

基于混合型扩散的无人机航拍图像去噪模型

针对彩色无人机航拍图像处理起来复杂且噪声方差未知的问题,提出一种混合型扩散偏微分方程图像去噪模型。该模型采取对图像高频子带去除边缘区域的方法来准确估计噪声方差,将彩色图像的色彩空间转换为色调、亮度和饱和度3个分量,并用混合型扩散偏微分方程进行去噪处理,再把处理后的3个分量合成彩色图像。其中,混合型扩散偏微分方程是通过将全变分模型和四阶模型进行加权,并对其中的扩散系数进行改进后得到的。仿真结果表明,提出的模型和传统的去噪方法相比,峰值信噪比平均提高了近1.4 dB,并且在有效去噪的同时很好地保留了无人机航拍图像的边缘和纹理细节信息。     

一种新的红外图像目标检测方法

提出了一种新的海空背景下受强杂波、噪声污染的红外图像目标检测算法,算法利用了小波变换的多分辨率、多尺度特性,将要检测的图像分解到不同频率的多个尺度上,再采用形态学的背景估计和形态滤波技术,对分解后的子图像进行处理、小波重构。仿真实验表明,该算法可较强地抑制云层、海浪以及海天线的强杂波背景和强噪声的干扰,可检测出信杂比(SCR)为2的目标,适用于舰载红外警戒系统。     

用于机动目标跟踪的自适应交互式多模型算法

针对当前统计模型对弱机动或非机动目标跟踪效果不理想等问题,提出了一种修正当前统计模型与匀速模型的自适应交互式多模型算法,可在线修正当前统计模型的加速度极限值,调整过程噪声方差,提高了当前统计模型的自适应性。同时,通过在常规匀速模型中引入机动检测机制,抑制了常规匀速模型对机动目标跟踪的滤波发散,通过引入强跟踪算法,增强了模型对目标突发机动的自适应跟踪能力。仿真结果表明,该算法充分发挥了当前统计模型和交互式多模型算法的优势,对强机动和弱机动目标都具有很好的效果。     

一种PCNN和边缘检测协同的SAR图像分割算法

针对高分辨率SAR(synthetic aperture radar)图像目标复杂,且具有严重的相干斑噪声,灰度出现剧烈起伏导致目标边缘模糊难以实现精准分割的问题,提出了一种分数阶傅里叶变换(fractional Fourier transform,Fr FT)域中里兹分数导数(Riesz fractional derivative,RFD)边缘检测和脉冲耦合神经网络(pulse coupled neural network,PCNN)协同的高分辨率SAR图像分割算法。该算法首先将原始图像经过边缘检测处理以保留较好的边缘信息,再由PCNN模型进行图像分割,最后通过形态学进一步去除相干斑点。将所提算法应用到不同区域的高分辨SAR图像分割中,实验结果表明该方法能够有效抑制相干斑噪声和灰度边界模糊的影响,获得精准的分割效果。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.