基于FAHP和改进模糊综合评判的地空导弹阵地优选

依据地空导弹阵地选择要求,给出了阵地选择方案评价的层次结构模型,利用模糊层次分析法确定了权重,并将模糊综合评判法与灰色系统理论相结合,建立地空导弹阵地方案选择的灰色模糊综合评判模型,利用实例进行了分析与评价,得出了其优劣排序.研究结果证明了该评价方法的正确性和实用性.     

数据融合性能仿真测试与综合评估

提出了一种数据融合性能仿真测试与综合评估的方法,通过建立数据融合性能仿真测试环境、构建指标体系、评估模型和计算单项指标,最终运用层次分析法和模糊综合评判法完成数据融合性能指标的综合评价.重点介绍了指标体系的构成、单项指标的评估模型以及综合评价的方法.     

装备维修质量的模糊综合评判模型

基于模糊综合评判的原理,分析了装备技术检查的评价指标,利用专家评分法确定了各个指标的隶属度,用层次分析法(AHP)确定了各指标的权重系数,构造了Fuzzy综合评判矩阵,建立了装备维修质量的模糊综合评判模型.最后以某吵装备为例,给出其维修质量评估的一级评判模型和二级评判模型,并对计算结果进行了分析.     

基于AHP的射手综合素质的三级模糊综合评判

针对装甲机械化部队射手素质评价存在的评价内容不全、指标选取不合理等诸多问题,提出了一种基于层次分析法(AHP)和模糊评价法的射手综合素质的三级模糊综合评判模型。首先,在对射手综合素质深刻剖析的基础上,建立了射手综合素质评价指标体系,并运用层次分析法确定了各指标权重;然后,运用模糊综合评价法构建了射手综合素质的三级模糊综合评判模型;最后,通过实例验证了该模型的科学性与实用性。     

一种改进的基于云模型的效能评估方法

针对传统的云重心和云模型评判法的不足,将综合云模型应用到评估方法中.通过综合云模型对评价者给出的最大和最小评价值合并,采用基于黄金分割的模型驱动法确定评价集,然后进行综合评判,这样对定性评判问题能够充分体现人们的主观判断.最后,引用了简单的实例,证明了方法的可行性,为基于云模型的评估方法的改进提供了一种思考的思路.     

应急指挥决策方案的模糊综合评价研究

针对灾害现场应急指挥决策方案优选问题,提出了方案优选评价的可行性、时效性和安全性指标,应用模糊数学的相关理论构建了模糊综合评价的数学模型,采取专家调查打分法解决了方案评价影响因素的权重值及其评价等级的隶属度的确定问题,并采取加权平均算法对权重集A和影响因素评判隶属度矩阵R进行运算,得到的结果不仅反映了所有因素权值的影响,而且保留了单因素评判的全部信息,能够体现"模糊综合评价"的实质。     

战略后方仓库综合技术保障中心建设方案评估

构建了后方仓库综合技术保障中心建设方案综合评估指标体系,先运用多人层次分析法对评价指标进行主观赋权,再对指标权值加以客观修正,从而得到较为客观准确的综合权重,最后运用模糊综合评价法对若干备选方案进行评判,得到各备选方案的评级结果,并从中选择最优方案。算例分析表明,该方法能够较好地适用于建设方案的评价,得出的量化描述结果可以作为建设方案评判与选择的参考依据。     

要地防空作战雷达干扰任务分配模型研究

针对要地防空作战雷达干扰任务分配的3种典型情况,给出了相应的解决方案,分析了影响雷达干扰效果的因素,合理选取了评估指标.并针对指标的情况,综合运用模糊综合评判法和改进的遗传算法建立了要地防空作战雷达干扰任务分配模型.最后,通过一个算例对模型进行了求解,验证了模型的有效性.     

油料装备设计方案的灰色模糊综合评价

对油料装备设计方案综合评价问题进行研究,建立评价指标体系,将模糊综合评判与灰色综合评估方法相结合,提出油料装备设计方案的灰色模糊综合评价模型。使模型适应性强,确保方案评价的可靠性。     

地空导弹装备战场损伤等级的综合指标评判

全面考虑了影响地空导弹装备战场损伤等级评判的各种因素,对地空导弹装备战场损伤等级进行了划分,并应用层次分析法和模糊综合评判的理论,建立了地空导弹装备战场损伤等级的二级综合指标评判模型,实现了地空导弹装备战场损伤等级的定量评价.     

谈比例原则在规范消防行政执法裁量权中的适用

比例原则着眼于法益的均衡,要求行政主体在实现行政管理目标的同时,注意维护相对人的权益。作为行政法上控制自由裁量权的一项重要原则,在阐述了比例原则内涵与价值的基础上,针对消防行政执法自由裁量权行使的错位与失范,提出用比例原则进行规范与控制。     

IS STUXNET PHYSICAL? DOES IT MATTER?

Cyber-weapons are software and software, at least intuitively, is non-physical. Several authors have noted that this potentially renders problematic the application of normative frameworks like UN Charter Article 2(4) to cyber-weapons. If Article 2(4) only proscribes the use of physical force, and if cyber-weapons are non-physical, then cyber-weapons fall outside the purview of Article 2(4). This article explores the physicality of software, examining Stuxnet in particular. First, I show that with a few relatively uncontroversial metaphysical claims we can secure the conclusion that Stuxnet is physical. In particular, there exist instances of Stuxnet that are both located in space and causally efficacious, and this is very strong evidence for their being physical. Second, I argue that the question of physicality is actually irrelevant for the moral evaluation of an attack like Stuxnet because of its undeniably physical effects. Finally, I argue that some features of Stuxnet should make us optimistic about the prospects for discrimination and proportionality in cyberwarfare.     

When is a base stock policy optimal in recovering disrupted cyclic schedules?

The extended economic lot scheduling problem (EELSP) is concerned with scheduling the production of a set of items in a single facility to minimize the long-run average holding, backlogging, and setup costs. Given an efficient cyclic production schedule for the EELSP, called the target schedule, we consider the problem of how to schedule production after a single schedule disruption. We propose a base stock policy, characterized by a base stock vector, that prescribes producing an item until its inventory level reaches the peak inventory of the target schedule corresponding to the item's position in the production sequence. We show that the base stock policy is always successful in recovering the target schedule. Moreover, the base stock policy recovers the target schedule at minimal excess over average cost whenever the backorder costs are proportional to the processing times. This condition holds, for example, when the value of the items is proportional to their processing times, and a common inventory carrying cost and a common service level is used for all the items. Alternatively, the proportionality condition holds if the inventory manager is willing to select the service levels from a certain set that is large enough to guarantee any minimal level of service, and then uses the imputed values for the backorder costs. When the proportionality condition holds we provide a closed-form expression for the total relevant excess over average cost of recovering the target schedule. We assess the performance of the base stock policy when the proportionality condition does not hold through a numerical study, and suggest some heuristic uses of the base stock policy. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Decision support model for effects estimation and proportionality assessment for targeting in cyber operations

Cyber operations are relatively a new phenomenon of the last two decades.During that period,they have increased in number,complexity,and agility,while their design and development have been processes well kept under secrecy.As a consequence,limited data(sets)regarding these incidents are available.Although various academic and practitioner public communities addressed some of the key points and dilemmas that surround cyber operations(such as attack,target identification and selection,and collateral damage),still methodologies and models are needed in order to plan,execute,and assess them in a responsibly and legally compliant way.Based on these facts,it is the aim of this article to propose a model that i))estimates and classifies the effects of cyber operations,and ii)assesses proportionality in order to support targeting decisions in cyber operations.In order to do that,a multi-layered fuzzy model was designed and implemented by analysing real and virtual realistic cyber operations combined with interviews and focus groups with technical-military experts.The proposed model was evaluated on two cyber operations use cases in a focus group with four technical-military experts.Both the design and the results of the evaluation are revealed in this article.     

The relationship between material failures and flight hours

If material failures follow a Poisson distribution, then the expected number of failures is exactly proportional to flight hours. However, this article demonstrates that proportionality will not be revealed by simple correlation or regression analysis between monthly flight hours and the number of monthly failures. To test for proportionality, one must instead test the underlying hypothesis that the data follow a Poisson distribution. This article presents three simple tests that may be used for this purpose. The Poisson distribution requires that the mean and variance of the number of failures be equal. This article suggests several alternative models that may be used for samples in which the variance exceeds the mean. First, the mean of the Poisson distribution may itself be randomly distributed across the observational units according to a gamma distribution. If so, the number of failures will have a negative binomial distribution. Second, the mean of the Poisson distribution may depend systematically upon a set of observable explanatory variables. In this case, the Poisson regression model is appropriate. Finally, the mean of the Poisson distribution may contain both a systematic component that depends upon observable variables and a random component. This situation yields a generalized Poisson regression model.     

基于遗传模拟退火算法的OFDMA系统资源分配

针对多用户OFDMA系统,提出了一种基于遗传模拟退火算法的多用户OFDMA系统资源分配策略。在资源分配时,首先假设总功率在载波间均等分配,随后根据比例速率要求确定每个用户需要的子带数,最后引入遗传模拟退火算法求解联合优化中的子带分配,在保证用户间公平性的前提下最大化系统吞吐量。仿真结果表明,该策略系统容量较大,并且近似满足了不同用户间传输速率比例性要求。     

复杂设备诊断与维修中基于改进最近相邻法和线索的案例检索

基于案例推理系统的强大功能,来源于它能够从案例库中迅速地检索到与当前新问题“相似”的案例,而这种相似性的比较主要依赖于如何建立问题的特征索引。结合目前三种主要的案例索引技术：最近相邻法（Nearest－neighbor）、归纳法和知识索引法,提出了改进最近相邻法的案例索引技术;并以设备故障诊断与维修为背景,给出了一种基于改进最近相邻法的线索推理算法。     

论消防监督检查的原则

消防监督检查原则对于规范和制约消防监督检查权的行使具有重要作用。然而,目前消防法律对消防监督检查的原则并没有明确规定,这对于监督和制约消防监督检查权的行使,保护被检查对象的合法权益十分不利。对消防监督检查必须遵循的原则进行了探讨,提出了五项原则,即依法检查原则、比例原则、服务性原则、相对人参与原则和救济原则。     

ICF激光驱动器总体集成中的关键小批量事件均衡匹配模型研究

关键器件是决定和影响ICF激光驱动器总体输出性能指标的主要因素之一,它也是典型的多规格、小批量事件,其与总体集成过程的均衡、成比例的动态配置关系是ICF激光驱动器工程的管理难题之一。基于神光系列激光驱动器研制的工程实践,借助EOQ经典模型,尝试建立在均衡成比例约束条件下的匹配方法,以期有效提升工程效率,为兆焦耳级激光装置及类似大科学工程在涉及小批量事件的管控方面,提供参照。研究表明,所提均衡匹配模型对于大科学工程项目具有普适意义。     

Non-violent Resistance and Last Resort

It is commonly accepted that recourse to war is justifiable only as a last resort. If a situation can be resolved by less harmful means, then war is unjust. It is also commonly accepted that violent actions in war should be necessary and proportionate. Violent actions in war are unjust if the end towards which those actions are means can be achieved by less harmful means. In this article, I argue that satisfaction of the last resort criterion depends in part upon the likelihood of success of non-violent alternatives to war, and that the actual and potential effectiveness of non-violent resistance means that the last resort criterion of the jus ad bellum and the proportionality criterion of the jus in bello are harder to satisfy than is often presumed.