飘浮式空间机器人路径规划的全局最优解析解

本文根据刚体螺旋运动的特点,利用旋转矩阵构造出评价载体姿态变化的目标函数;采用Ｖａｆａ等人的“虚机械臂”模型简化计算;利用动量矩守恒的假设条件及完成抓取固定目标时的几何位形关系,得到微分约束和边界约束。提出机械臂“周期运动”寻优法,从而得到全局优化的近似解析解。     

柔性机械臂动力学的虚功率原理-有限元法

本文根据虚功率原理,用有限元方法对柔性机械臂系统进行了理论上的讨论和描述,并导 出了柔性机械臂的动力学方程,对单臂模型的数值计算结果验证了本文的方法。     

Gauss法在具有柱铰链连接的单开链机械臂系统动力学问题的应用

重点讨论了如何用Ｇａｕｓｓ法求解机械臂系统动力学问题．首先引入Ｇａｕｓｓ拘束量,然后建立单开链机械臂系统动力学模型,并给出了求解方法．     

六自由度工业机械臂动力学模型简化分析

拉格朗日方程是通用六自由度工业机械臂进行动力学分析的常用方法。然而,当关节自由度多于三时,其动力方程的展开式相当复杂,完整地求出其表达式并不现实。考虑到通用工业机械臂的满足Pieper准则的特殊结构,只考虑机械臂的前三关节,并将腕部三个关节看作为动力效应的外部干扰,对其进行动力学分析,并通过ADAMS进行对比验证。结果表明,当只考虑机械臂前三关节时其动力学特性与考虑全部六关节相比不失一般性,且具有较小的误差。     

几何非线性机械臂有限段传递矩阵法

提出了几何非线性柔性机械臂动力学有限段传递矩阵建模方法,该方法既保留了有限段法自动计及几何非线性和动力刚化的优势,又保留了传递矩阵法建模的方便灵活.算例表明,计算时间与自由度成正比,在已知运动规律的情况下,可直接求得所需的驱动力矩,反之亦然.该方法无需建立系统总体动力学方程,易于工程技术人员掌握,具有一定实用价值.     

自由漂浮空间机器人关节故障锁定位置辨识

针对自由漂浮空间机器人在关节故障情况下关节锁定位置的辨识问题,根据其线动量守恒和角动量守恒特性,建立了关节故障锁定位置辨识的误差模型,提出了利用混沌粒子群优化(CPSO)搜索关节故障位置的辨识算法。最后采用虚拟样机技术,建立了空间机器人系统的虚拟样机,对空间机器人系统进行动力学仿真,获取了运动数据,采用此数据对提出的关节故障位置辨识算法进行了有效性验证。     

地面无人作战系统机械臂运动学建模与仿真

以某地面无人作战系统中的机械臂为研究对象,探讨其运动学模型建立中的相关问题．结合该机械臂的结构特点,利用D-H方法建立其相应的运动学模型,并在该基础上求解机械臂的正、逆运动学方程．最后在Matlab环境下,借助Robotics Toolbox工具箱对该机械臂的结构和运动学问题进行验证和仿真．仿真结果表明：该设计方法是正确可行的．     

空间站零燃料大角度姿态机动路径存在性分析

零燃料大角度姿态机动技术是新近应用在国际空间站的新概念姿态控制技术。构造了以控制力矩陀螺为执行机构的空间站姿态控制动力学模型,在此基础上,建立了空间站本体与控制力矩陀螺之间的角动量守恒关系。针对各类大角度姿态机动任务,通过分析空间站惯量参数与控制力矩陀螺性能参数之间的解析关系,得到了零燃料大角度姿态机动路径的存在性条件。通过规划算例验证了存在性分析的正确性。所提出的零燃料大角度姿态机动存在性条件,为姿态机动路径的存在性判断提供了便捷可行的方法,为零燃料大角度姿态机动技术未来在我国空间站实施的可行性论证提供重要的理论依据。     

约束层阻尼板动力学问题的传递函数解

采用传递函数方法对约束层阻尼板进行了动力学分析.使用Hamilton原理得到了约束层阻尼板的运动方程和边界条件,对未知位移进行级数展开,引入状态向量,使用分布参数传递函数方法建立系统的状态空间方程进行求解,分析了四边简支板的自由振动和频率响应问题,得到了板的固有频率、损耗因子和频响曲线.算例的计算结果与NASrRAN计算结果相比吻合良好.     

大口径舰炮摆弹机构柔体动力学及 弹药运动误差研究

为提高舰炮自动机机构和弹药运动的控制精度,需要研究自动机柔性动力学问题。首先,利用多体动力学理论,研究弹药摆弹与转弹之间的交接运动误差;然后,根据拉格朗日方程推导了特定浮动坐标系下摆弹臂柔体动力学方程,分别由摆弹臂柔体与刚体动力学模型,分析了柔性摆弹臂的前四阶主振动响应,进一步比较了柔性体振动对于误差的影响。研究表明:在弹簧驱动条件下,柔性摆弹臂在大范围运动的同时包含着高频振动,由动力弹簧输出的摆角包含有振动成分;根据弹性振动引起的(角)位移响应误差,可以确定摆/转接口中摆弹臂摆角、弹药位移与姿态误差裕度,而抑制柔性摆弹臂一阶主振动可以有效减小响应误差。该研究结果可用于摆弹臂结构优化并以此提高摆/转接口的可靠性。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.