无电焊接中厚度钢板焊接接头的组织结构与性能研究

采用无电焊接方法对12mm厚度钢板进行了焊接。分析了满足中厚度钢板焊接能量要求的技术途径;利用SEM,EDS,XRD等手段观察、分析了焊缝的组织成分与显微结构;测试了焊接接头的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、显微硬度等力学性能。结果表明:在选择高放热体系基础上,通过增大焊接笔直径、减小反应物料粒径、提高压坯密度等方法,可以有效增大焊接热效率,从而满足中厚度钢板焊接能量需求;焊缝组织分为热影响区、熔合区与合金区,焊缝合金与母材间通过熔合区形成了冶金结合;焊接接头因固溶强化和析晶强化的作用,具有良好的力学性能,拉伸强度、平均显微硬度与弯曲强度分别为357MPa、186HV0.2与644MPa,达到了野战应急抢修技术要求。     

焊接接头匹配性研究现状

综述了焊接接头匹配性的研究现状,包括匹配性概念及其影响因素、焊接接头匹配性设计原则、不同接头及载荷下的强度匹配性影响、强度匹配性对焊接接头断裂韧性的影响、强度匹配性与焊接残余应力．     

力学性能不均匀性焊接接头应力分布研究

应用有限元分析方法,针对平板对接接头横向拉伸试验和实际工作状态下打底焊道为等强匹配、填充焊道为超强匹配时焊接接头在外载荷作用下的应力分布进行计算分析。分析结果表明:焊接接头内部强度的不均匀性引起材料变形能力的差异是接头应力分布不均匀性的主要原因,打底焊道应力低于其屈服强度,填充焊道是焊缝金属的主要承载部分;焊接热影响区对降低打底焊道和填充焊道强度不同引起的应力集中起重要作用;实际工况下的接头应力分布较试验接头应力分布更加均匀,承载能力高于试验状态的承载能力,在试验状态和实际工况下,接头的抗拉强度分别是母材抗拉强度的97.4%和99.4%。     

铝青铜水下湿法激光焊接焊缝成形与力学性能

为解决湿法焊接焊缝质量不高的问题,对铝青铜材料展开水下湿法激光焊接实验,利用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)、显微硬度仪、万能试验机分别检测和分析了焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:铝青铜水下湿法焊接会出现大量气孔,水深增加会导致气孔增多,提高焊接速度可以改善焊缝成形质量,通过在基体表面预置自蔓延粉末能够有效减少气孔;焊缝中上部为胞状晶组织,底部为发达的树枝晶;焊缝平均硬度为240 HV,与基体相比提高了50%;拉伸试验试件均断裂在焊缝处,平均拉伸强度为235 MPa,为基体的43%。     

5A06薄板铝合金的手工钨极氩弧焊工艺研究

某型号产品为5A06铝合金材料,在焊接过程中易变形且焊缝强度达不到指标要求。为提高焊缝强度、满足焊接质量要求,分析了焊接过程中热输入对接头强度影响,并设计了焊接工装夹具。通过研究,确定了产品焊接所需的理想工艺参数,采用焊接工装,防止焊缝的变形,最终焊接接头强度达到指标要求。结果表明,焊接工装夹具的设计和合理的焊接工艺参数是保证和提高焊接质量的关键因素。     

LD10cs 铝合金焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率的研究

本文研究用表面裂纹法测试LD10cs铝合金板材焊接接头各部位疲劳裂纹扩展速率。结果表明:焊接接头各部位疲劳裂纹扩展速率随焊接热循环引起的金属组织变化而变化,有一定规律性。熔合线和焊趾处疲劳裂纹扩展速率较其他部位大。焊缝加强高的存在,引起焊趾处应力集中,使该处疲劳性能进一步恶化,成为焊接接头疲劳性能最差的部位。结合金相组织和扫描电镜分析,对影响焊接接头各部位疲劳裂纹扩展速率的各种因素作了较详细的探讨,并提出了改进焊缝质量的建议。     

2A12铝合金焊接接头超声冲击处理前后拉伸性能分析

为克服铝合金薄板焊接接头强度偏低、韧性不足的缺点,用ER5356焊丝对不同厚度的2A12铝合金板材进行了手工氩弧焊接,并采用超声冲击处理对焊接接头进行全覆盖强化处理。采用金相显微镜观察了处理和未处理焊接接头的显微组织结构,对接头的力学性能进行了测试分析,分析了超声冲击处理改善2A12铝合金焊接接头力学性能的机理。结果表明：铝合金焊接接头经超声冲击强化处理后,6 mm和4 mm厚板材对接接头的抗拉强度分别提高了17.4%和23.7%,延伸率分别提高了28%和44%,焊缝表层组织得到明显细化。分析认为：晶粒大幅细化、组织致密化和缺陷减少,是超声冲击处理改善铝合金焊接接头抗拉伸性能的主要原因。     

TC4真空电子束焊后热处理对接头组织性能影响

<正>采用真空电子束焊接不等厚TC4钛环,焊后对接头进行整体退火、电子束局部退火、不退火方式获得3个接头。采用X射线测残余应力、通过拉伸、弯曲试验以及光学显微镜对焊接接头组织和性能进行研究。结果表明:焊后局部退火与整体退火能降低接头残余应力且使接头区域残余应力变化稳定,其作用效果相当;真空电子束局部退火能细化焊缝针状组织,改善热影响区组织。三种状态下接头都具有较高的抗拉强度并表现出良好的弯曲性能。在无法进行整     

焊后热处理对装甲钢HAZ／WM界面区组织结构的影响

采用SEM、TEM观察焊态和焊后热处理(900 ℃×5 min或1 100 ℃×1 min,水淬)TWE312/616装甲钢HAZ/WM界面区及其附近的组织结构, 采用Nano Test 600对界面区附近的硬度分布进行测试.研究表明焊接熔合区组织为类马氏体,而富奥氏体带以奥氏体为主;HAZ/WM界面区的塑性变形主要由富奥氏体带承担,富奥氏体带的加工硬化导致该处硬度升高;高温短时(1 100 ℃×1 min,水淬)热处理可导致焊接熔合区及与其紧邻的t-HAZ的进一步软化.     

22SiMn2TiB装甲钢异种焊接接头超声波探伤探头设计

用常规探头对22SiMn2TiB装甲钢与TWE312异种钢焊接接头进行缺陷检测,杂波和伪缺陷波导致灵敏度、信噪比不高。用扫描电镜观察到这种异种钢焊接接头主要为奥氏体+铁素体组织,其中奥氏体是主体组织。根据焊缝的组织特点,设计出了2.5P13×13K1.5型专用探头。在预制缺陷的焊接接头上进行了验证试验,结果表明2.5P13×13K1.5探头对接头内部的缺陷具有较高的检出率。     

Effect of welding processes and consumables on fatigue crack growth behaviour of armour grade quenched and tempered steel joints

Quenched and Tempered (Q&T) steels are widely used in the construction of military vehicles due to its high strength to weight ratio and high hardness. These steels are prone to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) in the heat affected zone (HAZ) after welding. The use of austenitic stainless steel (ASS) consumables to weld the above steel was the only available remedy because of higher solubility for hydrogen in austenitic phase. The use of stainless steel consumables for a non-stainless steel base metal is not economical. Hence, alternate consumables for welding Q&T steels and their vulnerability to HIC need to be explored. Recent studies proved that low hydrogen ferritic steel (LHF) consumables can be used to weld Q&T steels, which can give very low hydrogen levels in the weld deposits. The use of ASS and LHF consumables will lead to distinct microstructures in their respective welds. This microstructural heterogeneity will have a drastic influence in the fatigue crack growth resistance of armour grade Q&T steel welds. Hence, in this investigation an attempt has been made to study the influence of welding consumables and welding processes on fatigue crack growth behaviour of armour grade Q&T Steel joints. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and Flux cored arc welding (FCAW) were used for fabrication of joints using ASS and LHF consumables. The joints fabricated by SMAW process using LHF consumable exhibited superior fatigue crack growth resistance than all other joints.     

长期贮存的固体发动机药柱脱粘界面裂纹分析

为了分析长期贮存的固体导弹发动机药柱脱粘层界面裂纹在燃气内压和轴向过载联合作用下的扩展情况,建立了发动机药柱在包覆层与推进剂之间脱粘的三维有限元计算模型,并于脱粘界面的裂纹尖端设置三维奇异裂纹元,模拟脱粘界面裂纹扩展。在包覆层与推进剂之间设置不同深度脱粘,计算了在燃气内压和轴向过载联合作用下不同贮存期、不同深度的界面裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,得到了界面裂纹应力强度因子随贮存时间、脱粘深度的变化规律,对长期贮存的固体发动机脱粘界面裂纹的扩展进行了分析。     

7A52铝合金便携式搅拌摩擦焊接头的组织与性能分析

采用便携式搅拌摩擦焊设备,对3mm厚的7A52铝合金薄板进行了焊接,对焊接头的显微组织和机械性能进行了观察测试。研究结果表明:焊接头可分为动态再结晶区、热-机影响区和母材3个区域,而没有明显的热影响区。动态再结晶区组织发生再结晶,生成细小的等轴晶粒;热-机影响区有塑性变形流线,且范围较窄;母材区保持着原来的轧制组织。接头硬度的最薄弱环节在热-机影响区。接头抗拉强度达到母材的70%左右,能够满足战场应急抢修的需求。     

两种粘弹塑性材料中Ⅲ型界面裂纹的断裂特性分析

将Dugdale Barenblatt模型推广应用于两种粘弹塑性材料之间裂纹问题的分析 ,对沿切向具有跳跃边界条件的边值问题的控制方程进行富里叶变换 ,然后用逐段定积分变换方法 ,将该边值问题转化为奇异积分方程组。解方程后计算了裂纹尖端塑性区尺寸及裂纹尖端张开位移COD ,给出了应变能释放率算式。结果表明 ,裂纹尖端塑性区尺寸和COD均决定于两种材料的最小屈服极限τs,COD随时间的增长而作先快后慢的增长     

Effect of fusion welding processes on tensile properties of armor grade,high thickness,non-heat treatable aluminium alloy joints

AA5059 is one of the high strength armor grade aluminium alloy that finds its applications in the military vehicles due to the higher resistance against the armor piercing (AP) threats. This study aimed at finding the best suitable process among the fusion welding processes such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) by evaluating the tensile properties of AA5059 aluminium alloy joints. The fracture path was identified by mapping the low hardness distribution profile (LHDP) across the weld cross section under tensile loading. Optical and scanning electron microscopies were used to characterize the microstructural features of the welded joints at various zones. It is evident from the results that GTAW joints showed superior tensile properties compared to GMAW joints and this is primarily owing to the presence of finer grains in the weld metal zone (WMZ) and narrow heat-affected zone (HAZ). The lower heat input associated with the GTAW process effectively reduced the size of the WMZ and HAZ compared to GMAW process. Lower heat input of GTAW process results in faster cooling rate which hinders the grain growth and reduces the evaporation of magnesium in weld metal compared to GMAW joints. The fracture surface of GTAW joint consists of more dimples than GMAW joints which is an indication that the GTAW joint possess improved ductility than GMAW joint.     

不同腐蚀状态不锈钢管焊缝区 碱性腐蚀的电位噪声特征

利用电化学电位噪声方法检测了不同腐蚀状态304与316两种不镑钢管焊缝区试样在室温碱液中的腐蚀行为,并采用电化学噪声时域谱、频域谱进行了分析,结果表明:不同腐蚀状态焊缝试样的腐蚀电位及噪声时城谱特征不同,可利用电位噪声频城谱的高频斜率K值定性判定是否发生局部腐蚀,同时可根据频城谱中发生事件特殊频率fn区分材料的腐蚀状态...     

Microstructure,mechanical and corrosion behavior of high strength AA7075aluminium alloy friction stir welds-Effect of post weld heat treatment

High strength aluminium alloy AA7075(Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) is a precipitate hardenable alloy widely used in the aerospace,defense,marine and automobile industries.Use of the heat treatable aluminium alloys in all these sectors is ever-increasing owing to their excellent strength-toweight ratio and reasonably good corrosion resistance.The shortage in corrosion resistance,however,usually poses negative concern about their reliability and lifetime when they service in the variable marine environments.These alloys also exhibit low weldability due to poor solidification microstructure,porosity in fusion zone and lose their mechanical properties when they are welded by fusion welding techniques.Friction stir welding(FSW) is a reliable technique to retain the properties of the alloy as the joining takes place in the solid state.The welds are susceptible to corrosion due to the microstructural changes in the weld nugget during FSW.In this work,the effect of post weld treatments,viz.,peak aging(T6) and retrogression reaging(RRA),on the microstructure,mechanical properties and pitting corrosion has been studied.Friction stir welding of 8 mm-thick AA7075 alloy was carried out.The microstructural changes of base metal and nugget zone of friction stir welds were studied using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Tensile and hardness test of base metal and welds has been carried out.Pitting corrosion resistance was determined through dynamic polarization test.It was observed that the hardness and strength of weld were observed to be comparatively high in peak aged(T6) condition but the welds showed poor corrosion resistance.The resistance to pitting corrosion was improved and the mechanical properties were maintained by RRA treatment.The resistance to pitting corrosion was improved in RRA condition with the minimum loss of weld strength.     

奇异积分方程在裂纹板条动态断裂分析中的应用(I)

利用积分变换方法,将含Ｇｒｉｆｉｔｈ裂纹的无限长板条问题转化为Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换域中一Ｃａｕｃｈｙ型奇异积分方程。通过求解奇异积分方程和对裂纹尖端场的渐近分析,获得了Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换域中的动态应力强度因子。     

Multiobjective optimization of friction welding of UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel

The present study is to optimize the process parameters for friction welding of duplex stainless steel(DSS UNS S32205).Experiments were conducted according to central composite design.Process variables,as inputs of the neural network,included friction pressure,upsetting pressure,speed and burn-off length.Tensile strength and microhardness were selected as the outputs of the neural networks.The weld metals had higher hardness and tensile strength than the base material due to grain refinement which caused failures away from the joint interface during tensile testing.Due to shorter heating time,no secondary phase intermetallic precipitation was observed in the weld joint.A multi-layer perceptron neural network was established for modeling purpose.Five various training algorithms,belonging to three classes,namely gradient descent,genetic algorithm and LevenbergeM arquardt,were used to train artificial neural network.The optimization was carried out by using particle swarm optimization method.Confirmation test was carried out by setting the optimized parameters.In conformation test,maximum tensile strength and maximum hardness obtained are 822 MPa and 322 Hv,respectively.The metallurgical investigations revealed that base metal,partially deformed zone and weld zone maintain austenite/ferrite proportion of 50:50.