横向运动板干扰聚能射流的数值模拟

基于有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA和LS-PREPOST,用ALE算法对射流垂直侵彻横向运动防护板的过程进行模拟分析。防护板在不同速度下干扰射流时,对防护板和后效板上的开坑形状进行分析,并计算后效板上的最终侵深及射流轴线上的速度降,得到射流在横向防护板作用下后效板侵深及射流轴线上的速度降随防护板速度变化的曲线。结果表明,防护板抗射流侵彻能力随防护板速度的增加而增强,尤其是防护板横向速度在0～100m/s增加时,抗射流侵彻能力增强较为明显。     

结构参数对聚能射流侵彻性能的影响

聚能射流的侵彻能力主要由药型罩锥角角度(α)、药型罩厚度(β)、装药长径比(γ)以及装药外壳厚度(d)4个因素共同决定,为提高射流侵彻效能,对装药结构进行设计时,需要综合考虑各因素对侵彻效能的影响程度。对不同装药结构形成射流的过程进行数值模拟,取1.5倍炸高位置处的射流头部剩余速度以及射流有效长度作为评判射流侵彻能力的依据,对上述4个因素进行正交试验设计,研究各因素影响程度大小。开展射流侵彻靶板的试验,验证仿真方法的正确性。各因素对射流头部速度影响的主次顺序为：β>α>d>γ;对射流有效长度影响的主次顺序为：α>β>d>γ。研究结果可为聚能装药结构设计提供参考,可按各参数影响程度大小对装药结构进行设计。     

战斗部近炸下防护液舱破坏机理分析

为研究大型舰船水下舷侧防护液舱的破坏机理,根据液舱的承载特性,设计制作缩尺战斗部模型和敞口、密闭两种液舱结构模型,开展两种姿态战斗部近炸下高速破片和冲击波对防护液舱的联合毁伤试验。根据试验后液舱模型的破损情况分析液舱前、后板在典型载荷下的破坏机理,总结分析液舱结构整体的破坏模式和破坏机理。结果表明：高速破片是防护液舱结构的主要防御对象,破片开坑和空化阶段是液舱结构变形破坏的主要阶段,破片群侵彻液舱形成的激波载荷和空化效应引起的挤压载荷是使结构产生变形破坏的主要冲击载荷。     

一种由金属陶瓷单元构成的间隔装甲抗射流侵彻性能研究

为了获得由金属陶瓷复合单元构成的间隔装甲的抗侵彻性能,基于180 mm大口径聚能装药,开展了侵彻试验和仿真研究。通过分析靶板的破坏情况以及仿真中射流与靶板的相互作用过程,揭示了复合装甲对射流的干扰机制。采用剩余穿深等效准则,获得了不同着角下复合装甲的等效靶厚度。研究结果表明：斜侵彻条件下,金属陶瓷复合单元能够通过向射流头部施加不对称作用力,以及利用孔壁形成切割作用2种方式削弱射流的侵彻能力。同时,防护系数计算结果显示,在45°着角条件下,由金属陶瓷复合单元构成的间隔装甲具有良好的抗弹性能,可达到试验用聚能装药极限侵彻能力的1/4。     

柔性蜂窝防护结构抗侵彻数值模拟

为研究由高密度聚乙烯组成的柔性蜂窝防护结构的抗侵彻性能,通过建立有限元模型分析柔性蜂窝防护结构在弹体侵彻过程中的力学表现。将有限元模型数值模拟与实际枪弹试验进行对比,发现模拟值与试验值较为相符。此外,分析了不同弹体数量、弹体射入点和弹体射入角对柔性蜂窝防护结构有限元模型的影响及其破坏效应,结果表明:弹体射入角会影响弹体的运动轨迹和所受阻力,2枚弹体的侵彻深度较1枚弹体侵彻深度小,说明该柔性蜂窝防护结构具有一定的耗能作用且其抗二次打击能力较好。     

杆式射流侵彻45钢靶数值分析及试验研究

杆式射流的毁伤效能与侵彻穿深和侵彻孔径紧密相关。为解决大穿深小孔径而导致后效毁伤下降的问题,采用LS-DYNA对战斗部威力进行数值仿真,以药型罩壁厚和罩高为主要变量对聚能装药战斗部结构进行一次优化,综合考虑典型装甲目标防护能力,选出一个最优的穿深和孔径匹配方案,并以此方案为基准方案进行二次优化,得到一种等壁厚球缺紫铜药型罩优化方案,并进行静爆试验对最终优化方案的仿真精度进行验证。实验结果表明,最终优化方案的杆式射流侵彻体对45钢的侵彻深度为121 mm,入孔直径为26.3 mm,出孔直径为21.8 mm,后效靶毁伤严重,杆式射流侵彻体和靶体二次破片能够引燃柴油油盒、木箱和棉被等易燃物,数值仿真结果与试验数据误差较小。该研究方法和结论可为聚能杆式射流战斗部的结构设计及优化提供参考。     

4层横向运动板防护长细杆的数值分析

多层横向运动板对垂直来侵长细杆的挤压、剪切能够使长细杆发生挤压和剪切变形,进而降低长细杆后续的侵彻能力,增强装甲的防护效果。利用LS—DYNA软件对多层横向、邻层反向运动的钢装甲板防护钨合金长细杆进行运动板速度和运动板的厚度分配的相关仿真计算。通过对计算结果中开坑形状、后效板侵深和装甲效能进行分析发现,随着板运动速度的增加,后效板开坑深度减小和开坑形状的非对称性加剧,运动板的干扰作用增强及防护效能提高;在运动板总厚度相同的情况下,板的层数越少,防护性能越好。     

子弹与声音谁跑得快？

具有一定速度的弹丸、破片、金属射流等侵彻体,依靠本身的动能侵入或贯穿目标的破坏作用。通常可按侵彻体的速度分为低速侵彻与高速侵彻;也可按冲击时的入射角分为正(垂直)侵彻和斜侵彻;按目标(靶)的结构和材料特性分为对均质靶、多层靶侵彻,对土壤侵彻;或按侵彻体的结构和材料特性分为榴弹侵彻、穿甲弹侵彻和金属射流侵彻等。     

聚能射流侵彻靶板开坑阶段仿真研究

为研究射流侵彻靶板开坑阶段的参数变化规律,利用AUTODYN软件对聚能射流侵彻不同材料靶板的开坑过程进行仿真.仿真结果表明:铜质靶板和钢质靶板开坑阶段的侵彻深度均约4.67倍射流头部直径,陶瓷靶板开坑阶段的侵彻深度约为4倍射流头部直径.该结果与试验总结的数倍射流直径基本相符,证明了所建模型的可行性.另外,开坑阶段的侵彻深度和压力主要与靶板密度有关,而准定常侵彻阶段的压力则主要与靶板的强度有关.     

论综合防护

“综合防护”是当前防护工程学术研究中使用频繁的一个新术语,也是防护工程学术研究的重要问题。由于该术语尚未得到界定,因而在使用上存在不规范、认识上存在不统一、学术观点上存在较大分歧等问题。本文首先探讨了综合防护观念的内涵的实质;然后根据综合防护所作用目标的有关特性对综合防护问题进行了分类,并根据所采用防护措施的不同性质,对综合防护进行了层次划分;最后指出了综合防护研究的重要意义。     

基于Lyapunov法和势场法的对峙跟踪研究

现有的基于Lyapunov导航向量场算法的对峙跟踪研究中尚未有考虑避障要求的。针对单架无人机对峙跟踪单个移动目标,通过Lyapunov导航向量场法使无人机对目标对峙跟踪。在遇到障碍时,通过距离控制,切换为使用势场法避开障碍区域。在满足一定的距离条件后,通过角度控制,恢复对峙跟踪方式,从而使无人机在对峙跟踪时可以避开障碍区域。仿真结果表明,不管是在单障碍的条件下还是多障碍的条件下,该方法能使无人机有效地避开障碍区域完成跟踪任务。     

Formation of explosively formed penetrator with fins and its flight characteristics

The ultimate goal of weapon system employing an explosively formed penetrator (EFP) is to defeat a target at the longest standoff. In order to do this, an EFP must be aerodynamically stable so as to strike the target at a small angle of obliquity, and the decay velocity per meter of EFP must be smaller at extended standoff. As the angle of attack increases, the penetration ability of EFP greatly reduces. The fins improve the EFP aeroballistic characteristics and decrease the flight drag of EFP as well. EFP with fins formed by three-point initiation is presented. The formation of EFP with fins is studied by LS-DYNA, and the aeroballistics is studied through experiment. The experimental results show that the decay velocity per meter of EFP with fins is much smaller than that of normal EFP, and the attitude angle steadily decreases.     

Effect of wave shaper on reactive materials jet formation and its penetration performance

Wave shaper effect on formation behavior and penetration performance of reactive liner shaped charge (RLSC) are investigated by experiments and simulations. The reactive materials liner with a density of 2.3 g/cm³ is fabricated by cold pressing at a pressure of 300 MPa and sintering at a temperature of 380 °C. Experiments of the RLSC with and without wave shaper against steel plates are carried out at standoffs of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 CD (charge diameter), respectively. The experimental results show that the penetration depths and structural damage effects of steel plates decrease with increasing the standoff, while the penetration depths and the damage effects of RLSC without wave shaper are much greater than that with wave shaper at the same standoff. To understand the unusual experimental results, numerical simulations based on AUTODYN-2D code are conducted to discuss the wave shaper effect, including the propagation behavior of detonation wave, the velocity and temperature distribution of reactive jet, and penetration depth of reactive jet. The simulations indicate that, compared with RLSC without wave shaper, there is a higher temperature produced inside reactive jet with wave shaper. This unusual temperature rise effects are likely to be an important mechanism to cause the initiation delay time of reactive jet to decline, which results in significantly decreasing its penetration performance.     

Evaluation of effectiveness of polymer coatings in reducing blast-induced deformation of steel plates

Incorporating elastomers such as polymers in protective structures to withstand high energetic dynamic loads, has gained significant interest. The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of a Polyurea coating towards the blast-induced response in steel plates. As such, Polyurea coated steel plates were tested under near-field blast loads, produced by the detonation of 1 kg of spherical nitromethane charges, at a standoff distance of 150 mm. Mild steel (XLERPLATE 350) and high-strength steel (BIS80) plates with thicknesses of 10 mm were Polyurea coated with thicknesses of 6 mm and 12 mm on either the front (facing the charge) or the back face. The deformation profiles were measured using 3D scanning. Numerical simulations were performed using the non-linear finite element code LS-DYNA. The strain-dependent behaviour of the steel and Polyurea were represented by Johnson-cook and Money-Rivlin constitutive models, respectively. The numerical models were validated by comparing the plate deflection results obtained from the experiments and were then used in the subsequent parametric study to investigate the optimum thickness of the Polyurea coating. The results indicate that back face coating contributes towards an approximately 20% reduction in the residual deformation as well as the absence of melting of the Polyurea layer, while the front-face coating can be used a means of providing additional standoff distance to the steel plates.     

The deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shell and square plate with pre-formed holes under blast loading

The deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shells and square plate with pre-formed holes under blast loading were investigated numerically by employing the Ansys 17.0 and Ls-Dyna 971. To calibrate the numerical model, the experiments of square plates with pre-formed circle holes were modeled and the numerical results have a good agreement with the experiment data. The calibrated numerical model was used to study the deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shells with pre-formed circle holes subjected to blast loading. The structure response and stress field changing process has been divided into four specific stages and the deformation mechanism has been discussed systematically. The local and global deformation curves, degree of damage, change of stress status and failure modes of cylindrical shell and square plate with pre-formed circular holes are obtained, compared and analyzed, it can be concluded as: (1) The transition of tensile stress fields is due to the geometrical characteristic of pre-formed holes and cylindrical shell with arch configuration; (2) The existence of pre-formed holes not only lead to the increasing of stress concentration around the holes, but also release the stress concentration during whole response process; (3) There are three and two kinds of failure modes for square plate and cylindrical shell with pre-formed holes, respectively. and the standoff distance has a key influence on the forming location of the crack initiating point and the locus of crack propagation; (4) The square plate with pre-formed holes has a better performance than cylindrical shell on blast-resistant capability at a smaller standoff distance, while the influence of pre-formed holes on the reduction of blast-resistant capability of square plate is bigger than that of cylindrical shell.     

导弹两种蛇形机动对反导舰炮突防效果比较

为探讨反舰导弹的近距离机动突防能力,用仿真方法计算了反舰导弹末端作水平蛇形机动和垂直蛇形机动时对近程反导舰炮武器系统的突防概率,以图示方式给出了两种机动周期、两种舰炮射速、多种机动幅值条件下的计算结果.结果表明,短周期大幅度的频繁机动可显著提高反舰导弹的突防能力,且两种蛇形机动的突防效果大致相同;而提高舰炮射速则是削弱...     

Effect of change of sand properties on travel distance of ricocheted debris

The debris from exploded buildings can ricochet after colliding with the ground, thus increasing the debris travel distance and danger from any associated impacts or collisions. To reduce this danger, the travel distance of ricocheted debris must be accurately predicted. This study analyzed the change in the travel distance of ricocheted concrete debris relative to changes in the properties of a sand medium. Direct shear tests were conducted to measure the change in internal friction angle as a function of temperature and water content of the sand. Finite element analysis (FEA) was then applied to these variables to predict the speed and angle of the debris after ricochet. The FEA results were compared with results of low-speed ricochet experiments, which employed variable temperature and water content. The travel distance of the debris was calculated using MATLAB, via trajectory equations considering the drag coefficient. As the internal friction angle decreased, the shear stress decreased, leading to deeper penetration of the debris into the sand. As the loss of kinetic energy increased, the velocity and travel distance of the ricocheted debris decreased. Changes in the ricochet velocity and travel distance of the debris, according to changes in the internal friction angle, indicated that the debris was affected by the environment.     

反舰导弹机动与导引配合的弹道设计研究

传统反舰导弹的末端机动与导引是分别进行的,这使得突防效果的提升受限。为了达到提高突防概率和实现高精度导引的双重目的,需要在导弹的末段实现机动与导引协同配合的设计。利用弹目之间的几何关系,规划设计了根据弹目实时连线进行自适应蛇行机动的程序参考信号。整个设计可以看作比例导引法与蛇行机动的复合,利用的信号包括实测的雷达方位角信号、弹目距离与预先设计好的时间指令。     

改进的Apriori数据挖掘算法的应用

Apriori算法是一种最有影响的挖掘布尔关联规则频繁项集的基本算法.针对防区外联合攻击武器系统在仿真过程中产生的大量数据,利用Apriori算法对仿真结果进行分析,得出一些有参考价值的规则,实现了关联规则挖掘在军用系统仿真中的应用.并对Apriori算法存在的问题进行了一些改进,用新的修剪策略,提高了算法的效率;增加独立性检验,进一步保证了关联规则的正确性.     

弹道导弹突防措施分析

简要介绍了弹道导弹面临的典型防御系统。针对该防御系统,提出了弹道导弹所能采取的典型突防手段,并将弹道导弹突防措施分为反侦察类突防和反拦截类突防两部分,介绍了反侦察类突防中的电子干扰、诱饵、隐身、助推段策略以及反拦截类突防中的加强防御策略、导弹机动发射与飞行、多弹头策略等。为研究弹道导弹突防技术提供参考。