导弹末制导中的目标机动估计

在空空导弹末制导段为了能更好地估计目标的逃逸机动,以满足制导要求,基于"当前"模型描述目标加速度,提出了一种利用相对速度估值差来调整目标加速度方差的算法.并在导弹-目标相对运动的三维空间内,由导弹对目标的速度测量值偏差调整状态噪声,并通过自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波实现对目标机动的估计.仿真结果表明,该算法在末制导中目标的机动估计精度要优于传统方法.     

空中大机动目标跟踪算法研究

为了解决在导弹末制导阶段对空中大机动目标的准确跟踪问题,将交互式多模型(IMM)及容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)算法应用于导弹寻的制导中。首先,在三维空间中对大机动目标进行建模分析,并建立相应的导弹制导模型及导引头测量模型;其次,结合IMM模型与CKF方法设计了目标跟踪算法;最后,通过仿真验证了该算法对空中大机动目标跟踪的准确性,结果表明该算法在实时性方面也具有一定的优势,适合用于弹载计算机。     

大姿控力矩复合控制导弹制导控制一体化设计

针对高速机动目标拦截过程中存在目标机动信息未知等问题,提出一种结合有限时间收敛的非线性干扰观测器与动态面反步设计的复合控制导弹制导控制一体化设计方法。首先,建立了姿控模式复合控制导弹制导控制一体化模型,采用有限时间收敛的非线性干扰观测器估计目标加速度信息、建模误差以及气动参数不确定等信息。其次,基于动态面的反步法设计了一体化控制律,避免了传统反步法的"微分爆炸"问题。最后,采用Lyapunov理论分析了闭环系统的稳定性。数学仿真结果验证了所设计的复合控制导弹制导控制一体化算法的正确性和有效性。     

预测拦截导引方法

本文介绍了一种名为“预测拦截”的新型导弹导引方法,并提供了一个运用这一新的制导概念的范例。这一新的制导方法的要点是在导引律的推导中考虑了目标机动参数。在此导引律的推导中使用的机动目标具有法向和切向的加速度。用于模拟某些假设或真实拦截情况的程序已被开发出来,模拟结果表明:在所有情况下,采用本导引律的导弹轨迹均为直线或近似直线。     

一种适用于拦截高速目标的末段导引律

基于在视线坐标系中的导弹-目标相对运动模型,以控制导弹-目标视线角速度趋于零为基本思想,设计了一种末制导律,用于拦截高超声速目标。以脱靶量和能量消耗为约束条件,以目标无机动时有很好的性能为目的,首先设计了最优制导律;然后,基于滑模控制理论,选择合适的滑模趋近律,对所设计的最优制导律进行改进得到最优滑模制导律;用李雅普诺夫理论证明了该制导律的稳定性,分析了该制导律参数选择条件。仿真结果表明,与最优制导律相比,所设计的制导律对目标机动有较强的鲁棒性,能以直接碰撞的方式拦截高超声速目标。     

带有高阶滑模微分器的制导控制一体化设计

针对制导控制一体化模型中由于目标机动加速度难以测量的问题,提出了应用高阶滑模微分器,对导弹导引头获得的弹目相对运动信息进行微分,从而解算出目标加速度的方法。在最后开展了导弹六自由度仿真验证,将高阶滑模微分器得到的目标加速度与真实值进行对比,验证了方法的有效性。     

空对地导弹的变结构三维导引律(英文)

推导了空对地导弹的三维导引律模型,并设计了针对机动目标的变结构导引律,分析了其制导特性.设计的导引律由于需要的目标信息少,可以便利地应用于实际工程中,数字仿真结果证实了设计的导引律的可行性.     

反舰导弹末制导雷达搜捕方式确定模型

当反舰导弹到达航路规划终点时,由于实际位置与理论位置具有一定误差,导弹与各个目标的相对位置关系难以确定,增大了导弹发射前装订末制导雷达搜捕方案的难度。因此,建立了一种针对反舰导弹末制导雷达搜捕方式确定模型。整个模型在大地坐标中推演,并避免了传统计算模型中蒙特卡罗法带来的多样本大数据的计算,因此该算法的实用性与计算效率得到提高。建立模型时需要根据导弹末制导开机点误差散布参数与导弹同目标的相对位置关系构建战场参数模型;其次,根据导弹理论开机点、误差散布圆、目标位置信息与雷达搜捕模式信息,直接判断该理论开机点处开机时,导弹捕捉到预定目标的概率是否符合战术要求,从而达到为某个理论开机点选择合适末制导雷达搜捕方式的目的。仿真结果验证了该模型的有效性。     

基于经典控制理论的制导系统校正方法研究

针对空空导弹抗目标大机动时,制导系统持续增加的快速性需求,利用反馈/前馈控制信号可提高瞬态和频率响应的经典控制思想,以及在制导算法中引入导弹的实际加速度补偿量以改善制导回路性能的方法,设计了制导系统校正算法.然后,通过线性化模型对制导系统校正算法的性能进行了数字仿真,仿真结果表明系统校正算法能够降低目标机动时所产生的脱...     

基于信息融合和扩维Kalman滤波技术的系统误差估计算法研究

针对采用复合制导体制的面空导弹武器系统,目标支路和导弹支路分开后,引起中末制导交班误差增大,必须进行相对系统误差补偿,探讨了相对系统误差的估计技术.基于信息融合和扩维Kalman滤波技术,建立了估计模型和算法,通过2种不同情景的仿真,验证了模型和算法的正确有效性.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.