普通话水平测试中的正误把握--兼及部分字词读音规范化的探析

普通话水平测试是国家推广汉语口语及规范口头、书面语言方法之一.测试人员如何掌握评分标准,如何处理普通话水平测试大纲中规定发音与大众读音之间的关系,以及大众读音与现代汉语字典中规定发音之间的关系等问题,直接影响着被测试人的成绩,同时部分字读音的规范化把握也值得分析.     

贵州预师高炮团人人获得全国普通话等级考试证书

近日来,贵州预师高炮团在官兵中大力开展"做文明人,说普通话"活动,全团上下兴起一股"学普通话、说普通话、用普通话"的热潮,在前不久参加的《全国普通话水平等级考试》中,全团48名官兵均获得了三级以上的等级证书。     

信息冲突与不确定条件下的装备质量状态评估

针对质量状态评估中所需测试信息的冲突性和不确定性,及其对装备质量状态评估准确性和完备性所造成的不良影响,提出一种基于改进证据推理(evidential reasoning,ER)方法的质量状态评估方法。在对质量状态进行等级划分和测试数据预处理之后,该方法通过将各测试参数之间的"冲突"和"不确定"按比例分配到各等级,使证据之间的冲突有效降低,评估的总体不确定性减少。将其应用到导弹装备的质量状态评估中,运算结果和方法对比表明改进后的方法能有效融合冲突信息、降低评估的不确定性,且方法原理简单,理论基础充分,方便程序实现。     

基于谐波加噪声模型的语音转换算法

文章分析了语音的谐波加噪声模型,给出了基于谐波加噪声模型的男/女声转换算法流程,利用高斯混合模型(GMM)分别实现了谐波分量和噪声分量特征参数的转换。文中利用Matlab进行了仿真实验,验证了算法的有效性,对转换后的语音质量进行了ABX测试,并计算其谱失真进行客观评价,测试结果表明文中所述算法,较好的实现了语音转换。     

一种基于流形与特征融合的说话人识别方法

MFCC参数是说话人识别常用的特征参数,但单独使用MFCC参数,系统性能难以进一步提高。文章提出了一种MFCC和语谱图特征相融合的说话人识别方法。针对语谱图特征空间维数高、数据量大的问题,采用流形学习中的LLE算法对语谱图信息进行压缩,并根据样本点每一维所代表的不同特性信息改进了LLE算法。以SRMC汉语语音数据库为测试语音,与传统PCA算法以及单独使用MFCC参数进行对比实验,在识别人数为100人时,识别率分别提高了2.5%和3%,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

离散Hopfield网络的航空装备机务人员能力素质模型评价

随着航空装备的不断更新,带来了航空维修内容、流程和模式的深刻变化。航空机务人员的业务能力高低成为影响航空装备安全的重要因素,为此,从静态、动态两个方面研究了航空机务人员能力评价问题。首先给出了航空机务人员能力指标体系,运用模糊综合评价法进行了影响因素权重计算和决策分析,其次利用离散Hopfield(DHNN)网络联想记忆能力,将5种机务人员能力等级指标的样本存储到DHNN的5种模式,最后运用DHNN在存储的典型等级模式中寻找与给定测试样本最相似的模式,从而确定测试样本所归属的能力指标等级。     

测试能力评价与测试平台建设

测试能力成熟度模型(TMM)是衡量测试过程成熟度的模型。文中对TMM与CMM进行了比较,给出了TMM评估模型的符号表示和测试能力等级评估算法,并以TMM 2级为例提供了测试平台的建设方案以及改进方案.     

基于小字典训练的语音增强算法

文章提出一种基于小字典训练和过完备稀疏表示的语音增强算法。该算法通过构造过完备的小字典并使用带噪语音的幅度谱对其进行训练来实现。训练过程中通过不断地使用K-SVD算法更新字典矩阵和相应的稀疏系数矩阵来实现对纯净语音的提取,达到语音增强的效果。该方法不同于传统增强算法需要对噪声进行估计与抑制,而是通过稀疏表示将纯净语音从带噪语音中分离出来。主客观测试结果表明,本文方法较好地消除了随机噪声,低信噪比情况下增强效果明显优于传统算法,且能够避免产生音乐噪声。     

美军信息系统互操作性测试、验证与评估研究

军事信息系统互操作性是信息化联合作战夺取战场主动权的关键,是武器装备体系综合评估研究的重点之一。通过研究美军信息系统联合互操作性测试、验证的机制与流程,提出了适用于我军的基于就绪网络关键性能参数的信息系统,介绍了美军信息系统互操作性等级(LISI)评估方法与模型,为提高我军信息系统互操作水平提供有意义的参考。     

装备健康状态评估方法研究

针对装备健康状态评估问题,在阐述装备健康状态基本概念的基础上,将装备的健康状态分为优、良、中、差和故障5个等级.对于测试不合格的装备,可以直接判定其处于故障状态;对于测试合格的装备,在评估装备参数健康状态的基础上,建立了基于改进证据理论的装备健康状态评估模型,对所有参数的健康状态合成并决策,确定了测试合格的装备的健康状态退化等级,并进行实例分析,验证了评估模型的合理性.     

论汉语语音在英语语音教学中的作用

以往英语语音教学研究中,一般只强调母语语音在英语语音学习中的干扰作用.通过 对比英语音素与汉语音素的相同与不同之处,对2种语言的发音进行对比研究.在探讨汉语语音干扰作用的同时,着重研究如何在英语语音教学中运用汉语语音规则,从而发掘汉语语音在英语语音教学中的辅助作用.     

论英语拟声词及其翻译

本文分析了英汉拟声词的语音关系和英语拟声词的语音修辞功能。在保留英语拟声词语音修辞效果前提下,分别从英汉拟声词的语音关系和英汉拟声词的声音发出者所承载的不同文化意象等角度探讨了相应的翻译方法。     

状态数计算的卫星控制系统健康状态评估

健康评估是卫星在轨安全健康工作的关键技术之一.针对卫星控制系统的健康状态评估问题,首先分析了卫星控制系统的内部结构特征,将控制系统按其结构分层并提出了基于层次推理地健康状态评估方法,然后通过分析系统特有的工作关系确定了各级系统状态数的计算方法,最后以某型气象卫星的一种控制模式为例计算了从部件到整系统的各级别状态数.计算以及仿真的结果显示该方法能够利用状态数合理地表示控制系统的健康状态.     

基于证据理论的无线通信系统安全风险评价

传统通信系统安全风险评估方法获取的判断矩阵是个体专家的意见,无法处理不确定问题,得到的评估结果较为主观、准确度差,为了解决该问题,提出了基于证据理论的通信系统安全风险评价模型。采用证据理论融合规则调整通信设备和光缆一级指标的判断矩阵,综合多位专家的意见,获取设备和光缆各指标的状态评分和指标权重,构建通信系统风险评估模型,最后通过仿真实验测试其性能,结果表明,该模型可以准确评估通信系统的风险等级。     

一种快速评定通信设备战损等级的方法

为解决通信设备战损等级评定中存在的问题,快速且准确地做出评定,提出了利用BP神经网络进行战损等级评定.在总结战损等级影响因素的基础上,建立了通信设备战损等级评定神经网络模型.经检验,该模型用于战时通信设备战损等级评定准确度高,具有很强的军事意义.     

From the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region-led negotiation to the Intervention Brigade

The eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been characterised by chaos and insecurity for a number of years, but the rise of the M23 rebellion in 2012 once again highlighted just how dire the humanitarian and security situation is. For most of 2012, the crisis was addressed through negotiations between M23 and Kinshasa, mediated by the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR). However, 2013 marked the signing of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework Agreement (PSC Framework), and the United Nations Security Council's adoption of Resolution 2098, which contains the mandate of the long-awaited Intervention Brigade (IB). The PSC Framework calls on Kinshasa to implement substantial political reforms while also urging the neighbours of the DRC to stop interfering in its internal affairs. The IB is mandated to carry out targeted operations against the so-called ‘negative forces’ that operate in the eastern DRC. For now, hope of resolving this ongoing crisis hinges on the continuing ICGLR negotiations, the implementation of the PSC Framework and the success of the IB. However, there are critical questions about all of these processes that need to be answered and understood, as the expectations for these processes – especially in the case of the IB – are extremely high. Will the ICGLR manage to negotiate a peace agreement and will the IB succeed, or will they go down in history as yet another failure to save the eastern DRC?     

Problematising the Role of Private Security Companies in Small Wars

This article sets out to investigate the impact of Private Security Companies (PSCs)1 1. The term PSC is used generically in this article. on civil wars. In doing so, it has taken an historical line, outlining the way the industry has developed from when it first emerged on the international stage in the late 1960s, to the present. Importantly, the article is able to identify three broad strands of involvement in civil wars that include substituting for state military forces, propping up weak governments, and supplementing state militaries. Moreover, in each of these situations, the involvement of PSCs raises both moral and legal questions, as well as challenges for government. This is especially so in light of their activities in Iraq and Afghanistan and the likelihood that governments will increasingly turn to them for niche capabilities.     

Damage assessment of the target area of the island/reef under the attack of missile warhead

Under the background of vigorously developing facilities of island/reef in the world, the economic value and strategic significance of the island/reef have become increasingly important. Unfortunately, they may easily become the attacking target of missiles in the war time. Therefore, aiming at the damage quantification of the targets in the island/reef under the missile attacking, a macroscopic damage assessment model for the target area is proposed in this paper. The model focuses on the construction of the assessment model framework. Firstly, the analytic hierarchy process and the grey relational analysis are applied to measure the importance of each target in the region through four indicators of the target hazard, striking urgency, damage advantage and mission relevance, respectively. Secondly, based on the damage mechanism of shock wave and fragments to target, the corresponding damage model is established, and the damage grade of each target in the evaluated area is obtained according to the damage criteria and grading standard. Finally, the model obtains the overall damage grade of the target area by employing the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, with synthesizing the importance and the damage grade of each target. Through the verification of an example, it demonstrates the certain feasibility of the model and provides a certain basis and reference for the subsequent research.     

船用60 kg级铸钢使用性能的试验研究

对船用60kg级铸钢进行多项使用性能试验,试验结果表明该铸钢常规力学性能和低温韧性全部合格,实物铸件解剖力学性能良好,与试块的解剖性能基本相当,具有良好的焊接性能,焊接接头的冲击和硬度试验达到技术条件规定的要求.     

Effect of welding processes on mechanical and microstructural characteristics of high strength low alloy naval grade steel joints

Naval grade high strength low alloy(HSLA) steels can be easily welded by all types of fusion welding processes. However, fusion welding of these steels leads to the problems such as cold cracking, residual stress, distortion and fatigue damage. These problems can be eliminated by solid state welding process such as friction stir welding(FSW). In this investigation, a comparative evaluation of mechanical(tensile, impact,hardness) properties and microstructural features of shielded metal arc(SMA), gas metal arc(GMA) and friction stir welded(FSW) naval grade HSLA steel joints was carried out. It was found that the use of FSW process eliminated the problems related to fusion welding processes and also resulted in the superior mechanical properties compared to GMA and SMA welded joints.