Revisiting money-laundering legislation in Zimbabwe and the role of international organisations

ABSTRACT

International Organisations (IOs) are crucial actors in spearheading the global adoption of anti-money-laundering (AML) legislation. However, the extent to which AML legislation has been implemented in Zimbabwe under the aegis of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and East Africa and Southern Africa Money Laundering Group (ESSAMALG) may put the efficacy of legislation passed at the behest of IOs into question. This article suggests that glocalisation may enhance the international fight against money-laundering. That is to say, international standards should be applied domestically with due regard for local legislative environment.     

关于军事立法原则的思考

军事立法原则是军事立法中的重要理论问题。目前,我国军事法学著作对这一问题存在着理论上的分歧。我国军事立法原则应当包括:维护国家军事利益原则;保障高度集中统一原则;军事法制统一原则。     

军事立法技术新解

军事立法技术是军事立法学和军事立法实践的基本要素之一,而军事立法技术的基本问题,则是军事立法技术研究的逻辑起点。从军事立法技术的概念、与一般立法技术的关系、运用的基本原则等方面,对军事立法技术进行简要分析。     

论责令限期改正在消防执法中的适用

从消防执法的视角,分析了责令限期改正的法律属性及立法变化,指出了消防法中责令限期改正的立法缺失和执法问题,并就此提出了相应的立法建议和执法意见,以解决消防执法中如何正确适用责令限期改正的问题。     

我国消防中介组织立法思考

我国的消防中介组织数量和业务范围极其有限,消防中介组织发展缓慢的主要原因是相关法律缺位,论述了我国消防中介组织的概念和发展历程及发展中存在的主要问题,通过借鉴国外消防中介组织立法中的经验,提出完善我国消防中介组织立法构想和的配套措施。     

The Political Economy of Legislation on Terrorism

^{1 1}This research was funded in part by a grant from the Lowe Institute of Political Economy. The corresponding author is S. Brock Blomerg. We thank Chris Blomberg and Brianna Loyosa for their excellent research assistance on the project. This paper presents an empirical analysis of what drives congressional legislation on terrorism during the period 1995 to 2010. We utilize and augment current methodology to compile and analyze data on sponsorship and cosponsorship of terrorism related data. Our results on the sources of legislation on terrorism are largely in line with past examinations of the importance of committee membership and leadership, party majority-ship, and other political factors. Further, we find that the most significant and robust drive for legislation on terrorism is the September 11^th attacks. And while the impact of 9/11 affected legislative productivity everywhere, we find that it most significantly affected states surrounding New York and Washington D.C. Our results indicate that the economy may be one factor motivating politicians to legislate on terrorism; however, these results are not robust.     

联合国维和行动立法问题研究

从立法主体和立法形式的角度探讨联合国维持和平行动的立法问题。尽管联合国大会并不是维和行动适格的立法机构,但是维和行动的国际法依据是国家和国际组织在实践中长期形成的惯例。其立法主体资格实质上是一个共享问题,因此,由联合国组织立法应当是最为适宜的。就立法形式而言,采用由联合国主持缔结维和条约的形式最具有可行性,也最为合理。     

论边防行政复议存在的问题及对策

边防行政复议是规范边防行政执法和对边防行政执法相对人权益进行救济的重要途径。当前边防行政复议主要存在立法不完善、复议机构设置不完善、复议工作人员法律素质偏低、复议案件审查程序不严谨等方面的问题。加强和完善边防行政复议,主要应从立法、机构设置、转变观念等方面入手。     

BANNING BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS

The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) underpins the international regime to control biological weapons. The strength of the treaty however relies on national implementation. The first step for many states party to the Convention is drafting appropriate national laws and regulations. So far, 32 countries in Africa are signatory to the BTWC. More recently, in 2004, the United Nations Security Council adopted resolution 1540, which requires all UN Member States to put in place legislation to prevent the illicit trafficking of material that could be used to develop weapons of mass destruction. The need for such wide-ranging legislation is recognised African countries but its creation and implementation pose specific challenges.     

中国反垄断法的若干问题探析

反垄断的法律环境与立法例之选择,中国反垄断法的基本性质,反垄断法立法中的行政性垄断问题。     

沿海船舶边防治安管理立法问题研究

沿海船舶边防治安管理是维护海上治安秩序稳定的重要手段。为加强海上治安管理,需要通过立法活动赋予公安边防机关特殊的执法权,并以此规范公安边防行政执法活动。分析沿海船舶边防治安管理立法概况及其存在的问题,提出完善沿海船舶边防治安管理立法的建议。     

谈我国地方行政机关的军事行政立法权

在我国,对于地方行政机关是否享有“军事行政立法权”,相关法律中没有作出直接的明确规定,因此学术界还存在着不同的观点。应当承认我国地方行政机关享有国防军事职权,可以制定有关国防军事事项的地方性行政规章。但是,承认地方行政机关享有军事行政立法权与允许其通过立法直接对当地驻军和现役军人作出规范性要求是两个不同的问题。承认前者并不意味着就肯定了后者。要避免地方行政机关的军事立法对军队的集中统一领导带来负面影响,就应当对其加以适当的限制。     

构建我国军事赔偿法律制度的基本思路

我国军事法学界应当吸收《国家赔偿法》修订的理论成果,将军事赔偿法律制度构建成为一项独立的、科学的权利保障型法律制度,为国家的军事赔偿立法铺平道路。     

军事法规之法理分析

军事法规是军事法的主体部分 ,在我军依法治军的实践中起着非常重要的作用。探讨了军事法规的制定主体、军事法规的立法权限范围及军事法规的立法监督等问题     

Market reactions to regulations on minerals from the democratic republic of the Congo

Using an event study approach to analyze stock market data from the United States, I investigate how regulations on conflict minerals sourced in the Democratic Republic of the Congo were perceived by investors. I find that for a subset of mining companies, stock returns were abnormally high when regulations in the US became more likely. I also find that returns were higher for communications equipment manufacturing companies when strong regulations in the DRC were announced. I argue that these responses were due to the competitive environments faced by each of these company types. These findings relate to debates surrounding the effects of the conflict mineral regulations. While some critics argue that reporting requirements were tantamount to a ban on minerals from the DRC, I find that stock returns for a subset of companies were sensitive to legislation in the DRC after legislation became law in the US, suggesting that market participants did not expect a complete trade ban on regulated mining and trading activities.     

消防中介机构法制建设问题研究

消防中介机构法制建设还存在很多问题,立法滞后,执法不严,必须加强法制建设,促进消防中介机构规范运行,以利于消防中介机构的健康发展。     

Killing Within the Rules

It is generally accepted that rules are important, even in war, and that the adherence to them is one of the ways that the West differentiates itself from the terrorists it seeks to destroy. However, what exactly are the rules and how have they changed? In the light of high profile rulings by the UK Law Lords on the applicability of human rights legislation in theatres of military operations, some are claiming that the British military is under legal siege and is increasingly unable to do its job due to new rules, interference from lawyers and the fear of looking over one's shoulder. Is this view accurate?     

当前消防监督执法工作面临的问题及对策

随着改革开放不断的发展,社会职业分工的不断复杂化、新型产业多样化、消防工作的社会化、消防监督国际化、违法手段技术化、相关法律更新滞后等诸多因素,使得公安消防机构实施消防监督执法面临更多更复杂局面,面临更严峻的形势和任务,同时也面临着前所未有的机遇与挑战。分析了当前消防监督执法工作中存在的突出问题,提出了改进消防监督执法工作的对策。     

简析政府职能转变之明确性原则——以消防法律文本为视域

政府职能转变是一项浩大、复杂的系统工程,不仅需要正确的方向,也更需要科学的方法.其中,明确性就是一个必须遵守的原则.审视政府消防管理职能50年的文本变迁,对政府职能转变与明确性原则关系进行了现实考察,进而分析明确性原则与政府职能转变关系进路.     

宽严相济刑事政策及其所折射出的中国刑事政策走向

宽严相济刑事政策是我国当前控制犯罪的基本刑事政策。在宽严相济政策的基础上,我国刑事政策将会进一步体现中国传统文化,更好地尊重与保护公民的基本人权,进一步影响刑事立法、司法活动,进一步体现刑事司法活动的预防、教育功能。