改善Al对B4C润湿性的研究

依据金属Al的特性及其与B4C相互作用的关系,在理论上分析Al对B4C的润湿性,分析理论润湿性与实际润湿性差异的原因,在此基础上,通过实验寻求改善Al对B4C润湿性的方法和工艺,发现升高温度可以改善润湿性,温度由1 050℃升至1 100℃时,润湿角θ由52°降至23°;在Al中添加小量Mg后,真空1×10-3Pa,温度1 100℃×3 h时Al对B4C润湿角由原来的23°降至9°.     

先驱体转化致密SiC纳米复合材料的制备及其热电性能

以聚碳硅烷和锑改性聚硅烷为先驱体,利用先驱体转化SiC材料的富余自由碳高温石墨化的微观结构演变特点,采用热压烧结、先驱体浸渍—裂解法以及退火工艺制备出先驱体转化SiC纳米复合材料。采用SEM、TEM、XRD和Raman等测试手段表征和分析了相组成和微观结构,讨论了样品的热导率、电导率和塞贝克系数等热电参数随温度变化关系。研究表明,所得致密SiC纳米复合材料为n型热电材料。由于纳米石墨的作用,材料热导率抑制在4–8W/(m?K)范围。1600°C退火处理能够降低热导率,同时提高电导率和塞贝克系数绝对值,使先驱体转化法得到的SiC纳米复合材料无量纲热电优值ZT达到0.0028（650°C）,高于其他已报道的致密SiC/C复合材料和纳米复合材料体系。     

聚硅氧烷/二乙烯基苯的交联与裂解

通过研究聚硅氧烷 (PSO)与二乙烯基苯 (DVB)的交联与裂解发现 ,只有在氯铂酸的催化下 ,PSO与DVB才能完全交联固化。催化剂含量为 11 31ppm、质量比为 1:0 5的PSO DVB体系在 12 0℃下交联 6小时后 ,其陶瓷产率为 76 %。该体系的室温粘度为 10 5mPa·s,与碳纤维 (Cf)的接触角为 34° ,非常适合制备三维纤维编织物增强的陶瓷基复合材料。XRD测试表明 ,在 10 0 0℃下裂解的产物中出现SiO2 微晶 ,12 0 0℃时出现 β -SiC微晶 ,温度再升高 ,两种晶粒明显长大。 10 0 0℃裂解产物中Si、O、C三种原子的含量分别为 38 33wt %、 2 7 33wt %、 34 34wt% ,其中C大部分以自由碳形式存在 ,其余部分与Si、O无序混合 ,形成 [Si (O ,C) 4]结构。这种结构在 12 0 0℃以上转变为 [SiO4]和 [SiC4]结构     

超音速等离子喷涂WC-Co涂层性能研究

用超音速等离子喷涂(HEPJet)和2种进口高速氧燃气火焰喷涂设备 (HVOF:JP-5000和DJ-2700)制备WC-Co涂层,进行了孔隙率、显微硬度、结合强度及30°和90°攻角的冲蚀磨损对比试验,用XRD分析了粉末和涂层的相结构,用 SEM分析了粉末和涂层的表面和断面形貌。结果表明3种工艺制备的WC-Co涂层与粉末的相结构类似,均无明显氧化、失碳;超音速等离子喷涂WC-Co涂层综合性能与JP-5000相当,要优于DJ-2700。     

SiO_2气凝胶对有机硅涂层耐高温与隔热性能改性研究

SiO_2气凝胶是一种具有三维空间网络结构的新型纳米材料,具有低密度、低导热系数以及耐高温和耐老化等性能。以SiO_2气凝胶为填料,将其添加到有机硅涂层中,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外变换光谱仪(FT-IR)等仪器,研究SiO_2气凝胶质量分数为1%,5%和10%时,各涂层加热到200,400,700℃时表面形貌、物相结构和表面基团变化情况,同时对各涂层添加不同质量分数SiO_2气凝胶后的耐高温和隔热性能进行研究。结果表明:随SiO_2气凝胶质量分数的增加,涂层耐高温性能提升,SiO_2气凝胶质量分数为10%时,涂层能在700℃高温下保持良好的性能;隔热性能也随SiO_2气凝胶质量分数的增加逐渐增强,与未添加SiO_2气凝胶的涂层相比,其最大温差可达11.2℃;同时,从XRD和FT-IR分析结果可知,随着温度的升高,涂层中的有机物逐渐分解,SiO_2和Al的结晶度逐渐提高,Si—O—Si特征峰强度提高最为明显。     

先驱体转化致密碳化硅纳米复合材料的制备及其热电性能

以聚碳硅烷和锑改性聚硅烷为先驱体,利用先驱体转化Si C材料的富余自由碳高温石墨化的微观结构演变特点,采用热压烧结、先驱体浸渍-裂解法以及退火工艺制备出先驱体转化Si C纳米复合材料。采用SEM、TEM、XRD和Raman等测试手段表征和分析了相组成和微观结构,讨论了样品的热导率、电导率和塞贝克系数等热电参数随温度变化关系。研究表明,所得致密Si C纳米复合材料为n型热电材料。由于纳米石墨的作用,材料热导率抑制在4~8W/(m·K)范围。1600℃退火处理能够降低热导率,同时提高电导率和塞贝克系数绝对值,使先驱体转化法得到的Si C纳米复合材料无量纲热电优值ZT达到0.0028(650℃),高于其他已报道的致密Si C/C复合材料和纳米复合材料体系。     

纳米二氧化硅对苯丙乳液涂层力学性能的影响

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,采用St?ber法制备了二氧化硅粉体,采用硅烷偶联剂对其表面修饰后得到纳米二氧化硅。采用机械搅拌辅助超声分散法制备了纳米二氧化硅-苯丙复合乳液涂层,分别考察了纳米二氧化硅质量分数为0,1%,2%,3%时涂层的微观形貌、显微硬度、附着力、抗磨性、抗划伤性和抗拉强度。结果表明,纳米二氧化硅的质量分数对苯丙乳液涂层的主要力学性能具有显著影响。纳米二氧化硅质量分数为2%时,涂层的主要力学性能相对较好,此时涂层的附着力和抗拉强度分别为8.45,15 MPa,与未添加纳米二氧化硅的苯丙乳液清漆涂层相比提高了12.82%和140.77%,而涂层1 000 r磨损质量损失率降低29%。     

复合材料专题-Si(Al)C纤维先驱体聚铝碳硅烷的合成*

采用低分子量固态聚碳硅烷(PCS)和乙酰丙酮铝([Al(acac)3])为原料,利用Si-H与[Al(acac)3]之间的交联反应合成适于多孔连续熔融纺丝的聚铝碳硅烷(PACS)。研究了反应条件对产物数均分子量、软化点和组成结构的影响及交联反应程度和可纺性之间的联系。结果表明,随着反应温度的升高和时间的延长,反应程度提高,残余乙酰丙酮基减少,Si-O-Al交联支化结构增多,分子量和软化点增大,可纺性随之下降。当[Al(acac)3]投料比为8wt%时,在370°C下反应4-6h,可得到软化点为206~221°C,Alwt%=0.68%,具有良好可纺性的PACS     

NiCl_2-(CH_2)_6N_4·HCl-H_2O三元体系组成及热致变色性能研究

本文用相平衡法研究了NiCl_2—(CH_2)_6N_4·HCl—H_2O 三元体系在30℃的溶解度,测定了各液相的折光率。结果表明生成了复合物2NiCl_2·(CH_2)_6N_4·HCl·9H_2O.文中介绍了该三元体系在13°O 时平衡固相的热致变色性能,通过TG—DTA 研究初步探讨了热致变色机理。     

等离子喷涂Al_2O_3对不锈钢抗烧蚀性能的影响

在201不锈钢板的单面上采用等离子喷涂NiCrAlY-Al2O3抗烧蚀复合涂层,通过循环烧蚀实验研究了喷涂样品的抗烧蚀性能。利用SEM和EDS等方法,测试了高温火焰烧蚀前后样品涂层面和无涂层面的形貌和元素组成。实验和测试结果表明:NiCrA-lY-Al2O3抗烧蚀复合涂层与201不锈钢结合性好;高温火焰烧蚀后,样品涂层面平整性有所下降,无涂层面有氧化物生成并有合金小球析出,且喷涂样品的烧蚀程度明显小于未喷涂样品,说明NiCrAlY-Al2O3抗烧蚀复合涂层对201不锈钢基材起到了抗烧蚀保护作用,提高了201不锈钢的抗烧蚀性能。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.