太阳能热推进系统聚光器参数优化研究

本文采用先进遗传算法,对太阳能热推进系统一次聚光器参数进行优化分析。以聚光器太阳光收集效率和聚光器质量为优化目标函数,建立了聚光器工作的数学模型,并开展了相关仿真研究。仿真结果表明,先进遗传算法可有效用于太阳光收集效率和聚光器质量优化分析。     

利用遗传算法和模糊逻辑进行系统可靠性优化分配

提出一种使用遗传算法和模糊逻辑相结合进行系统可靠性优化分配的新方法。该方法使用模糊逻辑对系统研制初期可靠性设计中所存在的不精确限制条件和设计目标进行数学建模 ,然后利用遗传算法对数学模型进行求解。该方法充分利用了模糊逻辑的建模效率和遗传算法的搜索效率 ,大大提高了系统可靠性分配的效率和精度。本文首先以两单元串联系统的可靠度优化为例进行说明 ,然后将算法扩展至多单元系统的可靠度及冗余度优化问题的求解。数值仿真实例显示了算法的性能和可行性。     

基于改进遗传算法的天基光学监视平台轨道优化

针对地球遮挡、地影、太阳光干扰、月光干扰、空间目标相对观测平台的角速度等约束对空间目标可见性的影响问题,基于已编目空间目标双行轨道根数,研究以太阳同步晨昏圆轨道作为观测平台轨道,采用改进多变异位自适应遗传算法对单星观测平台轨道进行优化设计。仿真结果表明,改进的多变异位自适应遗传算法有效地解决了多变异位自适应遗传算法不能保证收敛到所有种群中最优个体的问题,且随机抽取10%左右的目标样本可以达到与采用所有目标相当的性能,计算效率提高约一个量级。     

应用改进遗传算法优化天基光学监视平台轨道

针对地球遮挡、地影、太阳光干扰、月光干扰、空间目标相对观测平台的角速度等约束对空间目标可见性的影响问题,基于已编目空间目标双行轨道根数,研究以太阳同步晨昏圆轨道作为观测平台轨道,采用改进多变异位自适应遗传算法对单星观测平台轨道倾角进行优化设计。仿真结果表明,改进的多变异位自适应遗传算法有效地解决了多变异位自适应遗传算法不能保证收敛到所有种群中最优个体的问题,且随机抽取10%左右的目标样本可以达到与采用所有目标相当的性能,计算效率提高约1个量级。     

基于遗传算法的电子对抗作战实验寻优方法

作战仿真实验是评估电子对抗作战效能的理想方法,但在方案寻优时却面临实验方案"组合爆炸"的困难。对此,提出了将遗传算法引入作战实验寻优过程的求解思路。简要介绍了电子对抗作战仿真系统;分析了电子对抗作战方案拟制一般流程,建立了电子对抗作战方案优化模型,并给出了结合遗传算法和作战实验对其进行求解的原理和步骤;通过空袭作战电子对抗方案寻优的实例验证了方法的有效性。结果显示,本方法能够极大地提高寻优效率。     

太阳能热推力器二次聚光器再生冷却过程

为克服太阳能热推力器折射式二次聚光器容易破裂的缺点,本文采用再生冷却技术,对二次聚光器与推力室进行了一体化设计,并对该过程进行了流动与传热仿真。仿真结果表明,该设计可有效地降低聚光器的工作温度至1600K以下,热应力分析表明可有效降低其破裂的可能性。同时该设计可预热推进剂至500K以上,提高了系统的能量利用效率。通过进一步对吸收腔内的热辐射分析发现,工质流动对吸收腔壁温影响较小,吸收腔壁面仍然可以维持2400-2600K的高温。     

基于失效阵元位置优化的天线方向图重构

阵元失效会破坏雷达阵列响应,为降低影响,利用遗传算法以失效位置为优化对象,以副瓣和波束宽度为约束标准建立优化模型,同时结合FFT快速算法以提高运算效率。仿真结果表明,遗传算法显著提高了阵列方向图的主副瓣比,能很好地解决大型阵面的阵元位置寻优问题。     

基于遗传算法的自航水雷航路规划

自航水雷在执行任务时需要装载根据战场环境预先规划好的最优路径,路径的优劣直接决定了自航水雷的作战效率.采用遗传算法进行自航水雷航路优化,算法利用极坐标描述威胁位置和航路点,将航路编码由二维缩减至一维,降低了搜索空间,提高了优化效率.对算法进行了相应的仿真,仿真结果表明,编码方式提高了优化效率,得到的航路有效地规避了威胁.     

基于改进遗传算法的平流层飞艇定点悬停控制(英文)

平流层飞艇定点悬停控制是飞艇应用领域的关键技术。该控制问题可以转化为非线性多目标优化问题来求解。遗传算法是解决现代非线性多目标优化问题的一种重要方法。但是基本遗传算法在解决定点悬停飞艇实际控制问题时,具有易陷入局部最优解、在遗传进化过程中随机性较强、搜索效率低下及耗时多等缺陷。通过借鉴并行遗传算法、模拟退火算法和向量评价遗传算法的基本思想,在基本遗传操作中添加切断算子和拼接算子,设计一种改进遗传算法来改善上述缺陷。仿真结果表明该方法是有效可行的。     

临近空间传感器动态组网优化部署研究

为了提高临近空间传感器系统整体性能,更好地适应现代条件下的高科技电子战、信息战,提出了一种基于遗传算法的临近空间传感器动态组网优化部署方法,建立了临近空间传感器组网优化部署的数学模型,给出遗传算法在该优化问题中的求解过程和步骤,为加快求解速度对遗传算法进行了改进.通过组网仿真表明该方法能够快速得出多种优化部署方案,从而为传感器组网部署提供了科学、有效的支持.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.