语文口语交际教学的再认识

口语交际是现代公民必备的能力之一,重在培养学生倾听、表达和应对的能力,使学生具有文明和谐地进行人际交流的素养。《语文课程标准》赋予“口语交际”新的教学内涵,把培养学生听说能力置于双向互动的交际活动中,这就要求语文教师在口语交际教学中,深刻领会其理论基础,灵活把握操作流程,发挥评价的作用,提高学生的口语交际能力,培养学生良好的语文素养。     

跨文化交际能力的培养与大学英语教学

由于国际交流的日益频繁,培养学生的综合语言运用能力,特别是跨文化交际能力,已经成为语言教学的最终目标。通过分析非英语专业学生跨文化交际能力的现状,提出了通过大学英语教学来培养学生跨文化交际能力的途径。     

现阶段英汉翻译教学中应加强的几个方面

《高等学校英语专业高年级英语教学大纲(试行本)》中明确指出:“高年级英语教学的重点应放在培养英语综合技能、充实文化知识、提高交际能力上。”英汉翻译是英语专业高年级开设的一门课程,目的在于向学生传授基本的翻译理论和常用的翻译技巧方法,培养学生的翻译能力和较全面的交际能力。随着市场经济发展,中外商务和事务交往日益频繁,以及高校近年不断扩招和民间力量办学的发展导致的高等教育普及化,与英语专业其他课程相比,翻译课程教学的改进相对滞缓,不利于全面培养学生的实际应用能力。     

语言能力培养的互动模式与外语教学

教学活动是教师和学生之间感情和信息的双层交流活动.英语课堂教学的主要任务是培养学生的英语交际能力.要在课堂教学中培养学生的英语交际能力,必须实施双向、互动交流的英语教学模式.本文探讨了英语教学中学生语言能力培养的互动模式的理论依据、设计原则及其构筑.     

跨文化交际与英语教学

“跨文化交际”是指不同文化背景的个人之间的交际,已经成为英语教学的一项重要内容。中国学生往往因为缺少跨文化意识、缺少真实语境、受中国文化的制约等原因,导致跨文化交际失败。英语教学应注重将文化知识和语言教学结合起来,帮助学生克服跨文化交际障碍。     

谈高中对话课实施交际功能的策略

随着中国经济改革开放的深入,并已成为WTO中的一员,作为世界应用较广的语言英语愈发显得重要.时代要求这一代中学生将能把英语当作"普通话"来使用.那么如何实现这一目标,培养学生的交际能力,这是我们英语教师在课堂教学中应思考的问题,因为课堂教学是实现教学目标的主要途径.现在大多数高中英语教师在高中阶段只注重培养学生的阅读能力,注重解决课文中的知识点、语言点,甚至把对话课上成了朗读课、精读课,而忽略了对学生听说能力的培养.听说读写应是相辅相成的而不应该顾此失彼.如何就对话课型实施口笔头交际功能,有效地组织学生围绕所理解和吸收的口头及笔头知识和信息开展听说读写活动,提高学生的语用技能,提出以下几点设想.     

从跨文化交际角度谈中学英语习语教学必要性

英语习语及其文化内涵分析对于培养学生的跨文化交际能力非常重要,本文主要从英语习语的概念和特点、习语的文化渊源、习语在跨文化交际中的作用,以及中学英语习语教学缺失现状等几个方面探讨中学习语教学的必要性。     

大学英语听说能力培养及策略

大学英语听说课是提高学生英语综合技能的训练课。听说教学,要坚持以学生为主体的教学观,从分析和解决问题入手,运用任务型教学和合作学习等模式,实施多种教学策略,帮助学生打好语言基本功,提高文化素养,全面培养学生的英语交际能力。     

新疆少数民族双语教学中汉语教学的困境

本文主要论述了新疆少数民族双语教学中汉语教学的重要性及存在的困境,并对如何在教学中提高少数民族学生的汉语表达能力进行了探讨,并提出了几点建议:克服少数民族学生开口表达汉语的心理障碍;创设汉语表达语境让学生感知汉语交际情景;运用直观教学手段强化民族学生汉语表达的培养;教学中运用多种方法训练和培养学生用汉语的思维习惯。     

大学日语教学的中日文化差异

语言与文化息息相关,在进行语言教学时,必须要融入文化教学。中日两国的文化既有相似之处也有独特性。针对大学日语教学的现状,分析比较中日文化的差异,指出大学日语教学必须重视文化差异,这样才能培养学生的跨文化交际能力,把学生培养成应用型、复合型人才。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.