基于瞬态球状热斗篷的地下浅层目标红外隐身技术研究

由于浅层地下目标与背景土壤的热物性不同,影响了整个区域表面的温度场分布,容易被敌方探测系统发现并击毁。针对这一问题,考虑太阳辐射、天空辐射以及风速的影响,本文建立了埋藏地下目标的区域温度分布传热模型,揭示了不同时段埋藏地下目标对区域表面温度场的影响。在变换热力学的基础上,通过坐标变换的方法,推导出球状瞬态热斗篷的导热系数的通解表达式;根据等效介质理论,对设计的热物性参数进行均质化,并通过数值实验方法验证了基于热斗篷地下目标红外隐身技术的可行性。     

采用瞬态球状热斗篷方法的浅层地下目标红外隐身技术

由于浅层地下目标与背景土壤的热物性不同,影响了整个区域表面的温度场分布,容易被敌方探测系统发现并击毁。针对这一问题,考虑太阳辐射、天空辐射以及风速的影响,建立了埋藏地下目标的区域温度分布传热模型,揭示了不同时段埋藏地下目标对区域表面温度场的影响。在变换热力学的基础上,通过坐标变换的方法,推导出球状瞬态热斗篷的导热系数的通解表达式。根据等效介质理论,对设计的热物性参数进行均质化,并通过数值实验方法验证了基于热斗篷地下目标红外隐身技术的可行性。     

盖板式陶瓷热防护系统的传热性能优化

针对高超声速飞行器对盖板式陶瓷热防护系统的迫切需求,建立了热防护系统结构瞬态传热模型;并研究了防隔热层的物性参数,厚度尺寸,相变层的种类、位置等因素对热防护系统结构传热性能的影响。结果表明,隔热层物性参数及厚度尺寸对热防护系统结构传热性能具有决定性影响,而防热层的物性参数及厚度尺寸几乎不产生影响。相变材料的引入能够明显改善热防护系统结构的传热性能。调整和优化相变层位置是改善热防护系统结构传热性能、降低结构厚度的一个有效途径。隔热层厚度的优化结果可为热防护系统结构设计提供一定的参考和依据。     

模糊灰色关联模型在遮弹层防护性能评价中的应用

为对遮弹层防护性能进行综合评价,建立了遮弹层防护性能评价指标体系,采用多对象模糊综合评价和加权多层次灰色关联评价相结合的方法.得到了遮弹层防护性能的二级模糊灰色关联评价模型,并对五种遮弹层的防护性能进行了评估.结果表明,综合考虑直接成本、施工条件、伪装性能等因素,刚玉块石混凝土遮弹层防护性能最佳.该模型为遮弹层防护能力综合评估提供了理论依据.     

管道热边界层理论的研究

研究了高粘性液体管道流动的热边界层理论。利用圆柱坐标粘性流运动基本微分方程,提出了管道热边界层方程,推导出边界层中的温度分布以及层流和紊流时热边界层厚度的常微分方程和解析解计算表达式,并通过Matlab编程实例,给出了热边界层厚度解析解与数值解的比较。计算结果表明:1)粘性的影响将使得热边界层的发展加快,随着粘性和流量的增大,其影响将更加显著;2)紊流时热边界层的发展比层流时要慢。     

Evaluation of infrared camouflage effectiveness via a multi-fractal method

This paper reports an alternative approach to the evaluation of infrared camouflage effectiveness via a multi-fractal method. By calculating multi-fractal spectra of the target region and the background re-gions in an infrared image, the spectrum shape features and the discrete Fréchet distances among these spectra were used to analyze the camouflage effectiveness of the target qualitatively and quantitatively, and the correlation coefficients of the spectra were further used as the index of camouflage effectiveness. It was found that the camouflaged target had better camouflage effectiveness than the target without camouflage in the same one background, and the same one camouflaged target had different camouflage effectiveness in different backgrounds. On the whole, the target matching well with its background had high camouflage effectiveness value. This approach can expand the application of multi-fractal theory in infrared camouflage technology, which should be useful for the research of infrared camouflage mate-rials, the design of camouflage patterns as well as the deployment of military equipment in battlefield.     

草地的红外辐射计算及热像图仿真

草地地表的温度是仿真其红外热像图的关键,综合考虑太阳辐射、风速、大气温度和空气相对湿度等因素的影响,建立了草地地表的温度计算模型,利用C++语言编程计算出草地地表不同时刻的温度,从而求出红外辐射亮度,并进行红外热像图仿真,仿真结果表明:该模型和方法能够真实地生成草地地表的红外热图像,可广泛应用于红外场景仿真中。     

冬季火场灭火装具保温防冻方法探讨

冬季火场灭火装具保温防冻问题一直困扰着消防部队的作战,利用适当的防冻措施可以极大地降低严寒对灭火装具的影响,提高部队的战斗力。就室外消火栓及消防车辆的保温问题,分析了几种常用保温方法,探讨了火场灭火装具的防冻对策。     

Ablation characteristics of insulator under high-temperature gas dual-pulse erosion

This study numerically simulated and investigated the flow field characteristics of a typical dual-pulse solid rocket motor with a soft pulse separation device through thermal insulation ablation under high-temperature dual-pulse erosion. The ablation rate of ethylene -propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) insulator was measured after the experiment. Experimental results were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and microcomputed tomography. The ablation mechanism of the EPDM insulator under the operation conditions of a dual-pulse solid rocket motor was evaluated by analyzing the results. The results reveal that the internal flow field of the motor with a soft pulse separation device is uniform. The original charred layer existing on the EPDM insulator surface in the first pulse combustor is the decisive factor affecting the final ablation rate of the dual-pulse motor during the second pulse operation, and the ablation characteristic region is easily formed with the exfoliation of the charred layer. The ablation rate difference of the insulator increases with gas velocity.     

Experimental Research on Dynamic Erosion of EPDM Insulation Subjected to Particle-Laden Flow

The instantaneous degradation of erosion surface of ethylene propylene diene monomer(EPDM)insulation subjected to the particle-laden flow in two operating conditions was measured by using a real-time X-ray radiography system.The images of its erosion state and dynamic ablation rate were obtained.And the charring-layer was analyzed by using SEM and energy spectrum.The experimental results indicate that the erosion rate of EPDM insulation layer impacted by low speed and low concentration particle flow is relatively small in the 1st second since the motor starting,but increases rapidly in 1 to 2.5 s,while the erosion rate of EPDM insulation layer impacted by high speed and high concentration particle flow increases rapidly in the 1st second;the ablation rate at the section eroded intensively by particle flow increases at first,then decreases,and goes to stabilization after 4.5 s;the higher speed and concentration particle flow are,the deeper particles get into charring layer,which lead to more thermal increment and thinner charring layer.     

收缩管道装置层流热边界层理论及应用研究

研究了收缩管道装置层流热边界层理论及其应用。对于速度边界层提出了相似性解的解析结果,给出了速度分布、边界层厚度、摩擦阻力和水头损失的解析计算表达式。对于温度边界层利用管道热边界层方程,推出了温度分布、温度边界层厚度和热流量的计算关系式,并给出了设计应用实例。     

导线绝缘层火灾痕迹研究

以铜芯聚氯乙烯绝缘软导线作为实验材料,使用火灾痕迹物证综合实验台和箱式电阻炉等模拟火场条件,分别制备出导线绝缘层在过负荷、火烧和短路三种状态下的炭化痕迹样品,宏观观察结果表明这三种情况下导线绝缘层破坏显示出不同的特征。将导线绝缘层过负荷、火烧和短路三种痕迹样品碳化物分别制成碳管并测其导电性能,发现它们的导电性能存在规律性,短路形成的绝缘层碳化物导电性优于过负荷、火烧形成的碳化物导电性,而对于火烧形成碳化物,在一定温度范围内随着温度升高导电性有增强的规律。     

热边界层流动中管道的热损失

在高粘液体管道输送中,利用热边界层减阻需确定热流量的计算。热边界层流动中管道的各种热损失是总热流量的一部分。热损失有管内、管外及保温层三种形式。管外热损失是向周围的空气散发的,通过对流的形式发生。管内的热损失是导热或对流。保温层的热损失主要是导热。利用热边界层理论的成果,给出了各种传热系数和管道热损失的计算公式,并给出了多个计算实例。     

Low velocity impact studies of E-glass/epoxy composite laminates at different thicknesses and temperatures

Low velocity impact experiments were carried out on E-glass/epoxy composite laminates having varying thicknesses at sub zero and elevated temperatures using hemi spherical steel impactor of 16 mm diameter with impact energies in the rage of 50–150 J. The performance of the laminates was assessed in terms of energy absorption, maximum displacement, peak force and failure behaviour. Results indicated that the effect of temperature on energy absorption of the laminate is negligible although the laminates are embrittling at sub zero temperatures. However it has influence on failure behaviour and displacement. Peak force has increased linearly with increase in laminate thickness from 5 to 10 mm. However it got reduced by 25% when temperature was increased from −20 °C to 100 °C. Based on experimental results, laminate perforation energies were predicted using curve fitting equations. Statistical analysis was carried out using Taguchi method to identify the global effects of various parameters on laminate performance and confirmed that the laminate thickness has significant influence as compared to temperature, for the studied range.     

热障涂层厚度及其涂敷下材料内部缺陷的红外定量识别

针对热障涂层结构材料红外定量检测存在的不足,提出基于脉冲相位的LM(LevenbergMarquardt)识别算法。针对研究问题,建立了轴对称圆柱坐标下热障涂层结构材料的瞬态导热模型,利用有限体积法计算出检测表面的温度场,经快速傅里叶变换得到检测表面的相位分布,分析待检测参数对检测表面相位差的影响。以相位为识别条件,采用LM反演算法对热障涂层厚度及其涂敷下材料内部缺陷位置大小进行定量识别,并采用数值实验方法验证了基于相位的LM识别方法的有效性。     

日照条件下伪装网热红外迷彩研究

采用热像仪记录伪装网样品不同时段的热图,分析了日照对伪装网热迷彩的影响.伪装网的热迷彩效果受装饰布太阳能吸收率影响非常大,甚至可以抵消或超过发射率差值因素.实验采用的伪装网深绿装饰布太阳能吸收率较高,热红外发射率比土黄装饰布低0.11以内时,在日照下深绿斑块辐射温度与土黄斑块接近或超过土黄斑块;深绿装饰布热红外发射率比土黄低0.27时,可保证在夏季的强日照下深绿斑块辐射温度低于土黄斑块,且有较大差值.     

计算空气动力学飞机红外辐射强度估算方法

结合CFD技术和红外辐射理论发展了一种飞机红外辐射强度估算方法.首先通过欧拉方程数值模拟来获得飞机表面温度场分布,然后应用结合粘性附面层理论进行壁面温度计算分析.在获得了飞机表面温度分布数据之后,采用灰体辐射理论估算全机红外辐射强度.进行某喷气式飞机红外辐射强度估算研究,分析有/无尾焰情况的飞机红外辐射强度计算结果,初...     

The non-isothermal gravimetric method for study the thermal decomposition kinetic of HNBB and HNS explosives

The hexanitrostilben (HNS) is a thermally stable explosive that can be prepared from hexanitrobibenzyl (HNBB). Therefore, the investigation of thermal stability of HNBB can be important in the yield of preparation of HNS. The decomposition kinetic of HNBB and HNS are studied by non-isothermal gravimetric method. The TG/DTG curves in non-isothermal method are obtained in range of 25°C–400 °C at heating rates of 3 °C/min, 5 °C/min, 8 °C/min, 10 °C/min and 12 °C/min. The data of weight-temperature are used for calculation of activation energy (E_a) of thermal decomposition reactions by methods of Ozawa, Kissinger, Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) as model-free methods and Strink's equation as model-fitting method. The compensation effect is used for prediction of mechanism and determination of pre-exponential factor (lnA) of the decomposition reaction. A reduction 60 kj/mol for the average of activation energy of thermal decomposition reaction of HNBB is obtained versus HNS. This result shows the lower thermal stability of HNBB in comparison to HNS. The Avrami equation (A_3/2) with function f(α) = 3/2(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]^1/3 indicates the predicted mechanism for thermal decomposition reaction both explosives.     

Experimental investigation of a cook-off temperature in a hot barrel

The experimental investigations of the effect of contact time/temperature on initiating the cook-off using 7.62 mm calibre cartridge cases (CC) were conducted previously. These cartridges were filled with commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) double based (DB) propellant (Bulls Eye) and were loaded in a hot chamber. The thermal explosion temperature is of great significance to both weapon designers and safety inspectors as it provides the operational limit and safe operating temperature. For CC under test, it was found that the cook-off temperatures of this propellant were encountered with the heat transfer profile of the simulated gun barrel between 151.4 °C and 153.4 °C, with a reaction occurring in less than 300 s after the round was chambered. Usefully, each experiment was found to be consistent and repeatable.     

两道同侧扫掠激波作用下形成的三维平板边界层

为探索一种减弱扫掠激波/边界层干扰强度的侧压方式,采用数值计算方法研究两道同侧扫掠激波作用下形成的三维平板边界层。对三维边界层的流动机理进行研究,并与相同气流偏转角的一道扫掠激波作用下形成的三维边界层进行定量比较。研究表明,存在两道同侧扫掠激波时,第一道扫掠激波使侧壁附近边界层变薄,进而使第二道扫掠激波与再附形成的边界层的相互作用减弱,从而总的效果是两道扫掠激波与边界层的相互作用强度比一道扫掠激波的弱;两道扫掠激波的气流总偏转角与一道扫掠激波的相同,相交后汇聚成的激波强度与一道扫掠激波的基本相同,之前被两道扫掠激波"扫"起来的边界层在汇聚激波作用下还呈现锥形流动,分离线和来流的夹角也与一道扫掠激波的基本相同。