基于静叶不同安装角的增压锅炉烟气涡轮多叶片通道数值模拟

基于定常假设,运用Fluent软件,利用混合平面模型传递级间参数,对静叶不同安装角下的烟气涡轮多叶片通道流场进行了数值计算,得到了温度、压力、出口速度和马赫数等参数的变化规律,绘制了静叶不同安装角下各种参数的体积加权平均XY图。     

进口热斑在气冷涡轮动叶流道内迁移特性分析

为了解涡轮进口热斑的运动特性对涡轮叶片热负荷分布的影响,对存在进口热斑时高压气冷涡轮动叶流道内冷热流的非定常运动特性进行了研究,揭示了热斑在气膜冷却流、叶顶间隙泄漏流以及动静叶栅运动干涉等因素综合作用下对气冷涡轮叶片热负荷的影响。研究发现:冷热流在高压动叶入口处被高压动叶截断而交替流入流道,热流对动叶的影响主要集中在动叶前缘以及压力面附近,对动叶前缘造成直接的热冲击振荡;在周向气流角的作用下,在高压动叶栅流道内,低温流体逐渐向吸力面流动,而高温流体主要向压力面流动;气冷涡轮在浮力以及间隙泄漏流的作用下,改变了流道内部二次流分布,使得迁移到动叶压力面上的高温流体向叶根迁移,吸力面低温流体向叶片中间截面聚集。所得结论可对涡轮冷却设计提供理论参考。     

基于遗传算法的涡轮增压器叶轮优化设计

提出了一种基于遗传优化理论的涡轮增压器叶轮的优化设计方法,论述了以涡轮增压器叶轮能量损失最小为目标函数,以叶轮叶片进口角、进口直径、进口宽度、出口直径、叶片数、出口角为设计变量的涡轮增压器叶轮的优化设计模型及优化计算的方法,数值计算表明,这种算法可以方便地求得具有最小涡轮损失的涡轮叶形参数.     

涡轮增压机组燃气轮机内气固两相流的数值模拟

基于欧拉-拉格朗日基本思想,将烟气看成连续相,将颗粒视为离散相,采用气固双向耦合和颗粒随机轨道模型,对某船用增压锅炉燃气轮机内气-固两相流动进行了数值模拟,并重点分析了不同直径固体颗粒在叶栅通道中的运动轨迹分布特点.数值模拟结果可为该型涡轮叶片的气动特性优化设计以及有效防磨措施的制定提供理论参考,以减轻固体粒子对叶片的...     

涡轮阻尼器叶片区瞬态流动及 压力脉动特性研究

为了获取涡轮阻尼器叶片区液体压力的脉动特性,首先采用CFD数值计算和试验验证的方法,提取了某型涡轮阻尼器工作时液体瞬态流动特性参数;,然后,分析了叶片迎水面及背水面流场压力脉动规律。研究结果表明:内流场瞬态的漩涡和流动分离,造成内部压力分布不均,且呈周期性变化;泵轮叶片迎水面和背水面压力脉动的频率为叶轮转频的倍数值,主频为单倍叶轮转频。利用某涡轮阻尼器样机开展了相应的试验验证,试验结果与CFD分析计算结果吻合较好,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

热和离心力耦合作用下燃气涡轮叶顶间隙变化

高压涡轮叶顶间隙的变化对燃气轮机的功率、效率和寿命有着重要影响.为了准确掌握不同工况下叶项间隙的变化,建立了在热和离心力作用下燃气轮机叶顶间隙变化模型,计算了不同工况下热和离心力作用下的叶片、轮盘径向变形及热作用下机匣的膨胀变形,进而得到了叶顶间隙的变化规律.结果表明:热和离心力变化是间隙变化的两个主要因素,快速加减速...     

叶片数控加工关键技术及切削参数优化

从涡轮叶片的叶型特点出发,综述了叶片数控加工的方法及技术的发展现状,并着重论述了叶片数控加工的几项关键技术叶片造型、叶片加工方式与刀具路径规划、叶片加工变形控制等.以表面粗糙度与切削效率为评价指标,完成了以切削深度、主轴转速、每齿进给量和走刀行距为切削参数的叶片铣削工艺试验研究,通过极差分析法考察了切削参数对表面质量和加工效率的影响规律,最终得到叶片铣削的最优工艺方案.     

液体火箭发动机涡轮叶片结构特性的有限元分析

为了提高液体火箭发动机的可靠性、可用性以及可维护性而进行的发动机寿命预估与减损控制研究,需要对发动机的零(部)件进行结构特性分析。通过建立某型液体火箭发动机涡轮转子叶片的有限元分析模型,分别进行无阻尼自由振动下的模态分析、无阻尼强迫振动下的谐波响应分析与有阻尼强迫振动下的瞬态响应等结构动特性分析,得到涡轮转子叶片的固有频率及与之对应的振型、谐波响应与瞬态响应。     

(修，2撤3)关键几何参数对超声速膨胀器流场和性能影响的数值研究

为了揭示关键几何参数对超声速膨胀器流动特性影响的规律,对3种隔板安装角和5种出进口面积比超声速膨胀器设计工况下的流场进行了数值研究。结果表明：随隔板安装角增加,斜激波向出口迁移,斜激波强度略有降低,超声速膨胀器膨胀比减小,效率提高;随出进口面积比增加,流道内高速区显著扩大并逐渐靠近压力面,斜激波增强,出口流动损失增加,超声速膨胀器膨胀比增大,效率降低。为获得综合性能较优超声速膨胀器结构,需在较小出进口面积比和较大隔板安装角之间做折衷选择。     

含气膜孔涡轮叶片寿命可靠性设计优化中的网格参数化方法

为了自动实现含气膜孔涡轮叶片寿命的可靠性设计优化,减少其有限元计算时间成本,提出了含气膜孔涡轮叶片的非结构局部网格参数化方法.该网格参数化方法将叶片划分为参数化区域和非参数化区域,分别设计非参数化区域的网格以及参数化区域的网格控制点,更新气膜孔的形状和位置后,保持非参数化区域的网格不变,重构参数化区域的网格.相比于结构...     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.