反舰导弹喷口及尾焰辐射温度测量方法研究

针对反舰导弹飞行过程中红外辐射特性测量的难题,提出了一种红外目标辐射特性测量和标定方法,可实现对发动机尾喷口和尾焰辐射温度分布的测量。依据靶场环境特性,论证了红外光学系统的作用距离。红外辐射特性测量系统可实现反舰导弹飞行过程发动机工作状态的监控和辐射温度分布测量。     

大攻角下基于卡尔曼滤波的大气参数修正算法

针对新一代航空飞行器在大攻角飞行时大气数据系统测量精度严重下降问题,提出了基于卡尔曼滤波的大气参数修正算法。该算法利用大气数据测量信息和惯性导航信息,基于飞行器力学方程构建卡尔曼滤波器,通过卡尔曼滤波的方法实现对大气参数的修正。仿真结果表明,经卡尔曼滤波修正后的大气参数能够有效消除大攻角下原始大气参数的剧烈波动性误差,并与真实大气参数吻合较好,有效的提高了大气数据系统在大攻角飞行状态下的测量精度和可靠性。     

地磁计转数定时修正引信的定距精度研究

提出了一种基于弹载地磁传感器计转数引信自主初速测量、根据实时测量速度修正弹丸作用时间的定距弹系统工作方法,并对影响该系统定距精度的各误差源进行了定量分析,计算得某30弹丸1000 m定距精度为4.32 m.结合试验,证明基于地磁计转数测速定时修正技术可以实现较高的引信定距精度、有效提高弹药对目标的精确打击能力.     

高温压缩引伸计设计与标定

本文介绍了高温压缩引伸计的设计与标定。这种引伸计,适用于高温和室温压缩时变形测量,其结构简单,装夹方便,测量变形精度高。具有造价低、重量轻、实用的特点。     

一种改进的机载反辐射导弹作战效能评估方法

大气波导对反辐射导弹作战效能将产生一定的影响。根据机载反辐射导弹攻击水面目标的作战流程确定评估指标,基于传统的概率评估方法,引入大气波导影响因子,建立一种改进的大气波导条件下机载反辐射导弹作战效能模型。应用实例表明在大气波导条件下反辐射导弹的作战效能有所提升,符合大气波导对反辐射导弹作战能力产生有利影响的实际情况,验证了该模型的有效性和实用性,为机载反辐射导弹作战效能评估提供了一种新的方法和途径。     

水下集矿作业车运动光学实时跟踪测量系统

集矿作业车是大洋采矿系统的关键技术,在实验定型阶段,高精度的测量集矿作业车的运动学参数是检验集矿作业车的牵引、控制等模块性能必不可少的环节。针对集矿作业车在水中行进、活动范围较大的特点,提出了利用广角镜头进行双目交会测量的光学方法,实现了集矿作业车运动轨迹实时跟踪测量系统。该系统首先在实验室内利用网格板对广角镜头的畸变进行修正;其次,在现场,根据场景中的自然特征,在室内标定的基础上,修正镜头畸变,标定摄像机内外参数;最后,两台摄像机跟踪集矿作业车上的合作特征,实时交会测量获得集矿作业车的运动轨迹,包括位置、速度等。该系统的测量结果与全站仪测量结果的残差为5mm。系统已正式通过验收,并投入使用。     

一种对流层电波折射误差修正方法

对流层大气折射造成的电波折射误差是影响雷达测量数据,尤其是低仰角数据质量的主要误差源之一。对对流层折射误差进行了分析,并对修正方法进行研究。给出了一种直接利用雷达测量量进行折射修正的迭代算法。通过仿真计算表明,该方法在保证计算精度的同时,满足了实时修正的速度要求。     

基于红外辐射计的物体光谱发射率测量方法

发射率是测量红外辐射特性中的重要参数,直接影响测量的精度。在传统的能量法测发射率的基础上进行改进,利用红外辐射计MR170测量目标的光谱辐射亮度并在同一温度相同波段下建立一标准黑体模型,对目标光谱发射率进行求解。实验验证该方法可以获得满意的测量结果。对实验求取的光谱发射率进行误差分析,结果显示误差小于3%。     

舰船雷达电波折射修正新方法研究

为了提高雷达精度,舰船雷达一般都进行电波折射误差修正.由于无法精确测量大气剖面,故舰船雷达的电波折射修正精度较低.文中提出了一种基于微波辐射计大气遥感的电波折射实时修正新方法,它不仅具有全天候、实时性、机动性等特点,而且可以直接测量出电波传播路径上的大气附加时延积分,从而直接给出距离误差修正量.经与常用的2种电波折射修正方法比较,证明它的精度较高.     

地面热成像系统观察条件下目标能见度模型

本文在研究大气自我传输特性的基础上,对目标与背景的辐射传输特性进行了分析,提出了大气干扰辐射度,视辐射对比度和视辐射对比阈的概念,推导了地面热成像系统观察条件下的目标能见度模型公式,并通过实验初步验证了该能见度模型公式的可信性。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.