某步枪“冷热偏”分析与研究

针对某小口径步枪因枪管过热而导致射击准确度降低的问题,利用ABAQUS软件平台建立某步枪\弹相互作用的仿真模型。基于非线性热力学理论,在射击过程中,对身管内外壁的对流传热和内部的热传递过程进行了仿真分析,得出击发热冲击下身管温度场的分布规律,通过对弹丸挤进阻力、身管弯曲量和弹丸姿态仿真计算,来验证温度对射击准确度的影响。通过从实验测量、仿真、理论进行枪械不同温下度射击状态的分析与研究,可为提出步枪冷热偏抑制措施提供依据,对提高武器射击准确度具有重要的现实意义。     

弹丸被甲材料对步枪精度影响分析

为了研究弹丸被甲材料对枪械射击的影响,分别用H90铜被甲弹和覆铜钢被甲弹进行射击实验,试验得到了不同弹药对应的枪口初速、100 m处射击精度;根据试验结果,建立了弹丸挤进模型;通过仿真计算可得出结论:弹丸被甲的材料不同而使其对应的挤进压力不同,导致内弹道计算结果的不同、弹丸初速与转速出现差异,为步枪精度分析提供一定的参考。     

平衡炮内弹道不平衡冲量技术研究

基于某型平衡炮的弹道试验,研究了不平衡冲量对无后坐力身管武器系统的影响。建立了实体模型并装配平衡体和弹丸,利用有限元分析了阻力曲线并代入编写好的内弹道程序,计算出弹丸与平衡体的运动曲线,将其作为位移荷载导入有限元中,进行了内弹道的有限元分析,进而分析了内弹道过程中的不平衡冲量。根据结果对弹丸、平衡块行程和平衡体质量进行调整,得出不平衡量基本趋于零的结构参数,为无后坐力身管武器的相关设计提供了一定的参考。     

弹带挤进过程中膛线的应力分析

运用MSC．Patran软件及其二次开发语言建立了弹丸与火炮身管的参数化模型。利MSC．Dytran软件模拟某型火炮弹带挤进过程,分析挤进过程中弹带、身管和膛线的应力状态,重点分析膛线起始部易损伤的力学原因,为深入研究这一复杂过程提供了参考。     

线膛坦克炮与滑膛坦克炮之比较

坦克炮是坦克的主要武器,用来打击敌坦克及其他装甲车辆,也可以压制反坦克武器、摧毁野战工事、歼灭敌有生力量。坦克炮按炮膛结构分为线膛、滑膛和半滑膛三种类型:线膛炮(rifledgun)的身管内壁有螺旋膛线,发射时弹丸的弹带嵌人膛线,迫使弹丸在沿炮膛轴线前进的同时作旋转运动,从而有一     

采用遗传算法的弹托迎风窝结构设计

针对一体化弹丸弹托易分离性和轻质化的设计要求,构建弹托迎风窝参数化外形模型,基于激波和膨胀波理论建立弹托气动力计算模型;以弹托分离加速度和弹托质量综合最优为目标函数,采用遗传算法对弹托迎风窝的外形参数进行优化设计,从而得到弹托迎风窝的优化外形。以中口径尾翼稳定脱壳穿甲弹的弹托设计为例,采用提出的优化设计模型对其迎风窝结构进行优化设计,并采用基于动网格技术的弹托分离仿真模型验证其最优性。仿真结果表明：所提优化模型能够得到最优的弹托迎风窝结构;针对现有的中口径尾翼稳定脱壳穿甲弹,可进一步对其弹托结构进行优化,以提高其分离快速性。     

内锥型空心弹气动外形与阻力特性数值仿真

为了得到具有最小阻力系数的内锥型空心弹的气动外形,基于内锥型空心弹弹丸长度、口径、喉道形状不变的条件下,通过改变锲角来调节弹丸外形结构,利用计算流体动力学软件Fluent软件对不同形状的内锥型空心弹进行数值仿真,得到了在不同气动外形下的流场特性、阻力系数随锲角的关系和具有最小阻力系数的气动外形结构。另外,还研究了具有最小阻力系数的内锥型空心弹在来流3Ma不同攻角条件下的流场特性和不同攻角下阻力系数随来流马赫数的变化关系,结果表明：前锲角过大会造成内锥型空心弹丸发生气流阻塞现象,锲角的变化对压差阻力影响较大,对摩擦阻力影响较小;内锥型空心弹最小阻力系数气动外形结构为非对称锲角结构;最小阻力系数弹在不同攻角条件下,阻力系数随马赫数增加变化规律基本一致,马赫数过低也会影响内锥型空心弹发生气流阻塞现象。     

面向惯性装填的输弹运动研究

为实现不同装填角度下弹丸的卡膛速度一致性和降低输弹运动的峰值功率,以提高输弹一致性和减轻动力系统负荷,根据惯性装填工作原理,运用非对称式S型速度规划方法调整输弹运动状态,并基于虚拟样机仿真建立了参数化的输弹运动模型。以弹丸的卡膛参数为约束,面向惯性装填建立输弹运动优化模型,以实现不同装填角度下弹丸的卡膛速度一致性及降低输弹峰值功率。采用多岛遗传算法和修正可行方向法组合优化策略求解优化模型,优化结果表明：优化后的输弹运动可实现不同装填角度下弹丸的卡膛速度一致性,且输弹运动峰值功率降低了14.9%,验证了该方法的有效性。     

上架结构参数与弹丸起始扰动映射关系的研究

为有效提高超轻型火炮射击密集度,探索了某薄壁箱型上架多个结构参数组合对弹丸起始扰动的影响规律。以上架外形尺寸、板厚等结构参数为对象,基于最优拉丁超立方方法,筛选得到影响弹丸起始扰动的上架关键结构参数并构建基因组;基于弹炮耦合结构动力学模型,分析了上架结构参数与弹丸起始扰动相关参量多对多的映射关系。根据映射关系,进一步分析不同板厚组合对弹丸起始扰动的影响规律。研究结果表明：在多对多映射时,不同板厚组合对弹丸起始扰动的影响呈非线性,上架侧板和围板的板厚参数是影响弹丸起始扰动的关键因素。采用特定的结构参数组合的上架可以有效降低弹丸起始扰动,为火炮总体设计中使用组合参数设计方法提供了依据。     

30mm半穿甲弹斜侵彻陶瓷/钢复合装甲的弹着角效应研究

设计了30mm半穿甲弹斜侵彻陶瓷/钢复合靶的弹道试验,采用高速摄像记录了弹靶作用过程,研究了弹着角、弹丸位移以及背板变形挠度的图像测量方法,通过仿真验证了该方法的可行性与准确性.基于高速摄像序列图像对弹靶作用过程进行了测量分析,结合试验数据研究了弹着角对半穿甲弹侵彻效能的影响.结果表明:弹着角导致弹丸受靶板的不对称阻力作用,侧向力及侧向力矩使得弹丸在侵彻过程中不断偏转,表现为侵彻路径呈曲线;在相同速度条件下,随着弹着角的增大,侵靶时间延长,背板变形挠度减小,侵彻效能降低.     

Dynamic analysis of a guided projectile during engraving process

The reliability of the electronic components inside a guided projectile is highly affected by the launch dynamics of guided projectile. The engraving process plays a crucial role on determining the ballistic performance and projectile stability. This paper analyzes the dynamic response of a guided projectile during the engraving process. By considering the projectile center of gravity moving during the engraving process, a dynamics model is established with the coupling of interior ballistic equations. The results detail the stress situation of a guided projectile band during its engraving process. Meanwhile, the axial dynamic response of projectile in the several milliseconds following the engraving process is also researched. To further explore how the different performance of the engraving band can affect the dynamics of guided projectile, this paper focuses on these two aspects: (a) the effects caused by the different band geometry; and (b) the effects caused by different band materials. The time domain and frequency domain responses show that the dynamics of the projectile are quite sensitive to the engraving band width. A material with a small modulus of elasticity is more stable than one with a high modulus of elasticity.     

自由后坐式自动武器运动系统优化设计研究

本文介绍自由抢机式自动武器运动系统有关结构参量的一种优化设计方法。优化的目标函数为自动机后坐到位速度和弹丸的初速。优化的结构参数有自动机的质量,弹簧的抗力等。     

Influence of multiple structural parameters on interior ballistics based on orthogonal test methods

Influence of multiple structural parameters on the performance of a gun launch system driven by high-pressure reactive gases is important for structural design and performance adjustment. A coupled lumped parameter model was utilized to predict the propellant combustion, and a dynamic finite element method was applied to approximate the mechanical interactions between the projectile and the barrel. The combustion and the mechanical interactions were coupled through a user subroutine interface in ABAQUS. The correctness and the capability of the finite element approximations in capturing small structural changes were validated by comparing predicted resistance with experiments. Based on the coupled model, the influence of structural parameters of a medium-caliber gun on the system performance was investigated. In order to reduce the research costs, orthogonal tests were designed to investigate the comprehensive effects of the parameters. According to statistical analysis, the important order of the structural parameters on the launching process was obtained. The results indicate that the influence of the width of the rotating band stands out among the studied parameters in the gun. The work provides a method to investigate the influence of multiple parameters on system performance and gives guidance for controlling the system performance.     

某底排火箭复合增程弹解体弹丸飞行阻力特性分析

某底排火箭复合增程弹为分体式结构,战斗部与发动机壳体通过螺纹联接,一次试验中弹丸在火炮约束期和半约束期内发生解体现象,弹体在与发动机壳体螺纹连接的根部发生断裂,通过对参试弹丸的相关参数和弹道跟踪雷达测得速度-时间曲线研究,以1943年空气阻力定律和炮兵用标准气象条件为研究方法,对解体前、后级弹丸的弹道参数和飞行阻力特性进行分析计算,还原了解体弹丸的实际弹道参数和飞行阻力特性,通过对分析结果与试验结果进行对比,分析结果与试验测得结果吻合较好,文中提到的研究方法可为弹丸弹道解体或零部件脱落的故障归零提供理论依据,在工程实际应用中有一定的参考价值。     

基于层裂机理的弹体侵彻混凝土的终点弹道研究

基于动态球形空腔膨胀理论给出的阻力函数理论公式和开坑阶段的表面层裂机理,建立了能够综合考虑弹头形状、开坑区深度的斜侵彻深度预测模型,并进一步推导了能够适用不同弹头形状的弹体过载时程曲线计算公式。预测模型得到的侵彻深度和过载与试验结果吻合较好。研究结果可为弹体与混凝土靶的斜侵彻弹道分析和弹丸头部设计提供一定帮助。     

基于层裂机理的弹体侵彻混凝土的工程模型

以斜侵彻过程中的终点弹道为研究对象,基于动态球形空腔膨胀理论给出的阻力函数理论公式和开坑阶段的表面层裂机理,建立了能够综合考虑弹头形状、开坑区深度的斜侵彻深度预测模型,并进一步推导了能够适用不同弹头形状的弹体过载时程曲线计算公式。预测模型得到的侵彻深度和过载与试验结果吻合较好。研究结果可为弹体与混凝土靶的斜侵彻弹道分析和弹丸头部设计提供一定帮助。     

脱壳弹弹托分离的双目视觉测量

脱壳弹的弹托分离过程对弹体的飞行稳定性和打击效能具有显著的影响。针对脱壳弹出膛后弹托相对弹体的六自由度运动过程,提出采用基于双目视觉原理的弹托分离角测量方法。通过在弹体表面和弹托表面设置标记点,采用图像处理和跟踪算法实现对标记点的识别和跟踪。结合双目空间标定参数解算出标记点的空间位置,进而获得弹托相对弹体的分离角度,同时采用实验验证了上述测量方法的精度,其精度达到2%。以实验室进行的初速度1 550 m/s和1 750 m/s的脱壳弹射击试验为例,测量并分析了不同初速度下的弹托分离轨迹。结果表明:脱壳弹分离初速度越快,弹托分离轨迹越靠近弹体。     

Three-dimensional coordinates test method with uncertain projectile proximity explosion position based on dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen

To objectively obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the projectile fuze proximity explosion when projectile intersects the head of missile target, we propose a dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen test method, which is made up of six plane detection screens and a flash photoelectric dynamic detection screen. The three-dimensional coordinates calculation model of the projectile proximity explosion position based on seven plane detection screens with dynamic characteristics is established. According to the relation of the dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen planes and the time values, the analytical function of the projectile proximity explosion position parameters under non-linear motion is derived. The projectile signal filtering method based on discrete wavelet transform is explored in this work. Additionally, the projectile signal recognition algorithm using an improved particle swarm is proposed. Based on the characteristics of the time duration and the signal peak error for the projectile passing through the detection screen, the signals attribution of the same projectile passing through six detection screens are analyzed for obtaining precise time values of the same projectile passing through the detection screens. On the basis of the projectile fuze proximity explosion test, the linear motion model and the proposed non-linear motion model are used to calculate and compare the same group of projectiles proximity explosion position parameters. The comparison of test results verifies that the proposed test method and calculation model in this work accurately obtain the actual projectile proximity explosion position parameters.     

Influence of shaped charge structure parameters on the formation of linear explosively formed projectiles

The research of LEFP (linear explosive forming projectile) is of great value to the development of new warhead due to its excellent performance. To further improve the damage ability of the shaped charge warhead, a special shell overhanging structure was designed to increase the charge based on the traditional spherical charge, in which case the crushing energy of LEFP could be guaranteed. LS-DYNA was used to simulate different charge structures obtained by changing the number of detonation points, the length of shell platform, the radius of curvature and the thickness of liner. The RSM (response surface model) between the molding parameters of LEFP and the structural parameters of charge was established. Based on RSM model, the structure of shaped charge was optimized by using multi-objective genetic algorithm. Meanwhile, the formation process of jet was analyzed by pulsed X-ray photography. The results show that the velocity, length-diameter ratio and specific kinetic energy of the LEFP were closely related to the structural parameters of the shaped charge. After the optimization of charge structure, the forming effect and penetration ability of LEPP had been significantly improved. The experimental data of jet velocity and length were consistent with the numerical results, which verifies the reliability of the numerical results.