基于相参 RCS 距离分布的抗箔条干扰方法

为了提高反舰导弹对抗舰载无源干扰的能力,在分析箔条和舰船相参 RCS（雷达散射截面）距离分布的属性特征及其差异的基础上,研究了利用这种差异对干扰和目标在可分辨情况下进行识别的方法;针对干扰和目标不可分辨情况,提出了通过 RCS 距离分布特性和耦合时移特性的差异来压制干扰、提高信干比的方法。     

基于几何特征的水面舰船快速检测算法

针对水面舰船在复杂背景下存在大量虚警问题,提出了一种基于几何特征的水面舰船快速检测方法。首先,通过计算原灰度图的下采样序列,获得高斯降维图;其次,利用改进Sobel算法在粗分辨率下增强舰船的对比度,突显目标像素区域,用于区分降维图中目标与背景区域;再次,由于舰船目标与非舰船目标几何形状的不同,计算了长宽比、面积、区域矩形度等因子,结合先验信息鉴别大的舰船目标,同时剔除由于噪声、亮斑等引起的小虚警目标;最后,利用连通区域检测法标记出目标区域,实现海面目标的快速检测。实验结果表明:该方法具有一定的鲁棒性,能够快速、准确地实现海面舰船的自动检测。     

建立雷达超视距探测效能库的一种快速算法

蒸发波导环境中微波雷达经常会出现超视距探测,建立雷达超视距探测效能库有利于微波超视距雷达探测效能的发挥。提出了一种计算雷达超视距探测效能的快速算法,即以蒸发波导高度、总体理查森数和海面风速为变量,先建立雷达超视距探测效能查询表,再利用查表的方法得到各种气象条件下雷达的探测效能,以此作为探测效能库的数据基础。最后将基于此算法得到的雷达探测规律与实际观测进行了比较,表明此算法是可行的。     

纬度差异对多舰协同被动定位目标精度的影响分析

针对多舰艇协同被动探测超视距目标的问题进行研究,分析纬度差异对多舰协同被动定位目标精度的影响,并通过仿真手段计算不同纬度下多舰协同被动定位目标的精度变化情况.结果显示,该方法在中低纬度对目标的位置解算精度较高,可为被动超视距条件下多舰协同进行目标位置解算提供参考.     

典型角反射器单/双基地RCS特性对比分析

角反射器在舰船目标防御中发挥重要作用，如何有效对抗角反射器干扰是当前的研究难题。以典型八面体角反射器为研究对象，通过电磁计算和暗室测量对比分析了单个角反射器、角反射器阵列单/双基地RCS(radar cross section)空域、极化域分布特性以及统计特性，揭示了双基地雷达与角反射器之间的几何关系对角反射器RCS的影响规律，结果表明在大范围双基地角条件下,八面体角反射器双基地RCS远小于单基地RCS，均值相差约30 dB。适当部署双基地雷达可有效降低角反射器干扰影响，对双基地雷达抗角反射器干扰有参考意义。     

天波超视距雷达海杂波多普勒特性分析

首先对天波超视距雷达波束入射余角范围进行估算,再根据高频电磁波与海面相互作用产生Bragg谐振散射的特性,对一阶海杂波的产生机理进行了分析,得到了一定入射余角条件下一阶海杂波的多普勒频移特性。结合产生二阶海杂波的三种情况,分析了二阶海杂波的多普勒特性,并指出了天波超视距雷达对海探测舰船目标的困难性。     

超视距多目标攻击排序及火力分配建模与解算

针对未来超视距空战条件下的多目标攻击排序和制导武器火力分配问题,提出了一种用以评估超视距空战作战效能的综合优势指数法;当目标数多于攻击机数时,通过构造综合优势矩阵,将非平衡指派问题转化为平衡指派问题,并建立了多目标攻击排序的0-1规划模型,该模型可解决对多个目标同时攻击的排序问题;以2对8攻击排序为例,利用求解线性规划软件Lindo6.0进行解算。最后,建立了1对4攻击火力分配的非线性规划模型,并利用求解非线性规划软件Lingo5.0进行解算。计算结果验证了建模的合理性和运用Lindo、Lingo软件求解较大规模目标攻击排序和火力分配问题的实时性。     

舰机协同对海搜索直升机使用

针对舰载雷达不能为超视距导弹提供超视距目标指示问题,分析了超视距导弹使用中的目标指示要求,结合舰载直升机性能及作战方法,运用舰艇机动学中的有关理论,建立舰载直升机引导超视距导弹攻击模型,归纳总结了计算结果,得出若干规律.为舰载直升机在超视距目标指示中的行动方法提供了理论依据和参考.     

基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的高纬度超视距目标跟踪方法

传统超视距目标跟踪中将目标位置信息转变到以融合中心为原点的直角坐标系下进行,针对这种方法在高纬度地区使用所带来的目标位置信息误差问题,提出将目标信息转变到横向地球坐标进行表示,在此基础上构建了目标运动模型、目标观测模型以及基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的超视距目标跟踪模型,仿真分析结果表明,所提出的方法能够提高高纬度地区的超视距目标跟踪精度,能够满足高纬度地区舰艇作战指挥系统对超视距目指信息的精度需求。     

一种应用于超视距目标指示的误差分析方法

导弹超视距攻击的目标指示信息的误差会直接影响导弹攻击的准确度。为了实时并准确地计算出超视距目标指示信息的误差大小,分析了使用中继法进行超视距目标指示的过程,提出了一种基于坐标投影以及坐标旋转的误差分析方法。根据仿真计算,与传统的误差分析方法——蒙特卡罗法——进行比较,说明了所提出方法准确性高、计算速度快的优点。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.