全球卫星导航系统自主导航完好性隔离算法

全球卫星导航系统在自主导航工作模式下,为了保持星座系统的稳定,保证系统的完好性,需要对故障卫星进行及时可靠的隔离。因此提出一种基于星间链路的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)自主完好性隔离算法,分析全球卫星导航系统故障判别方式,设计了基于星间链路的故障隔离流程,提出了基于星间测距误差和判别的故障检测及隔离算法。仿真结果表明,基于星间链路的GNSS自主完好性隔离算法,可以有效隔离故障卫星,保持星座自主导航精度,并且算法实现复杂度较小,易于工程实现。     

基于星间链路GNSS自主完好性加权算法

全球卫星导航系统在自主导航工作模式下,传统的地面支持完好性系统无法满足用户的完好性要求。因此提出一种基于星间链路的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)自主完好性加权算法,通过改进稳健估计理论中的M-估计对星间链路测距加权的计算方法,降低故障卫星星间测距值的影响,以保持星座自主时间同步和精密定轨处理的连续、稳定与精度。仿真结果表明,在一颗及两颗故障卫星情况下,基于星间链路的GNSS自主完好性加权算法,可以有效地消除故障卫星对自主导航精密定轨的影响,星座具有与无故障时相当的自主定轨精度。     

基于脉冲星观测的导航星座自主导航数据融合方法

为解决完全依赖基于星间观测的导航星座长期自主导航的基准秩亏问题,提出基于脉冲星和星间链路的组合导航方法。给出了该方法的基本原理。为合理分散计算,采用简化和改进后的广义联邦滤波算法来对两种观测数据进行融合。仿真试验对该方法的合理性和可行性进行了验证。     

基于星上天线仰角约束的星间可视卫星集解析算法

星座自主导航需要对星间可视性规律做定量分析,可为进一步研究星间自主组网策略以及星间网络拓扑设计提供理论依据,同时星上自主建立星间链路需要卫星已知其可视卫星集合,因此有必要研究星间可视性解析算法.建立了基于星上环带天线仰角约束的星间可视性判定模型,结合星座几何特性以及卫星运动规律,以时间为变量,推导了卫星在运动过程中对同...     

高动态导航接收机直扩信号捕获方法研究

针对高动态导航接收机中,多普勒频移带来的伪码速率和伪码相位变化造成积累损失、捕获精度下降的问题,提出了一种改进的FFT快速捕获算法。该算法根据搜索频点实时更新本地再生伪码,并基于定时器和捕获的多普勒频率对捕获伪码相位进行实时校正。理论分析和计算机仿真结果表明,提出的改进算法在几乎不增加实现资源的前提下,提高了高动态导航接收机直扩信号的捕获性能。     

卫星导航系统星间链路发展的关键影响因素分析

建设有星间链路支持的导航星座已经成为新一代卫星导航系统的发展趋势之一。各国发展卫星导航系统的战略意图、综合国力、技术水平、国土分布等情况不同,导致导航系统对星间链路有不同的需求和约束,各系统发展论证的星间链路技术方案也各有不同。通过梳理国外卫星导航系统星间链路的发展论证过程,归纳出国外建设卫星导航系统星间链路考虑的3个共性关键因素:需求、技术与经济,并分析了以上因素对星间链路发展的影响。     

基于平均可工作概率的星间链路整网抗干扰性能评估方法

导航战条件下的全系统自主导航运行是卫星导航系统星间链路建设的重要目标之一。对星间链路在导航战情况下的工作性能进行准确评估具有非常重要的意义。星间链路的整网抗干扰性能与单星抗干扰能力、星间信号体制、建链策略、网络体制等多种因素均有关系,比较复杂,从而为其准确评估带来很大困难。为准确评估导航战条件下星间链路的整网抗干扰性能,对影响星间链路整网抗干扰性能的各种因素进行分析,并在此基础上对整网抗干扰性能评估场景进行建模设计。提出了以干扰场景遍历条件下的平均可工作概率为指标的星间链路抗干扰性能评估方法,定义了可用率评估指标体系,从而使准确、定量评估星间链路整网抗干扰性能成为可能。     

星间链路方案的设计与评价方法

星间链路技术降低了卫星通信网络对地面站的依赖,使得基于星间链路的卫星通信与组网具有地面网络难以比拟的优势。传统研究集中于星间链路的可行性分析和构建方法,对星间链路方案设计缺乏评价。从实际应用的系统性和构建流程的完整性出发,提出一种基于星座特性分析的星间链路方案设计方法,并为方案性能检验和选择提出了基于路由性能的评价方法。最后,通过对实际系统星间链路方案的设计和评价,验证了所提方法能够针对任务需求构建可行方案并通过路由性能比较选出最优方案。     

广播星历参数星上自主拟合算法

导航星座自主导航要求卫星能自主生成导航电文,针对星载计算机的处理能力有限,引入基于遗忘因子的递推最小二乘估计算法实现快速拟合广播星历。针对导航卫星轨道偏心率近似为0,在数据拟合过程中会导致法矩阵(HTH)奇异的问题,提出基于无奇异变换的广播星历参数拟合算法,引入无奇异轨道根数代替经典开普勒根数,迭代拟合得到改进广播星历参数,再将结果归一化到基于开普勒根数的广播星历参数。利用仿真算例验证了广播星历星上自主拟合算法的合理性。     

基于相关系数谱的宽带跳频信号时延估计

结合目前跳频信号带宽越来越宽、跳频点越来越多的特点,提出了一种基于相关系数谱的宽带跳频信号时延估计方法,实验表明该方法能够有效实现宽带跳频信号的时延估计,估计精度不受限于采样间隔.并且该算法具有较好的实时性和数据扩展性,易于工程实现.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.