无障板水下声辐射特性的参数影响规律研究

平板作为工程结构最常见的形式,探讨其振声性能的基本变化规律对指导结构减振降噪设计具有重要意义。首先,基于各向同性材料无障板振声理论,推导了无障板的声压积分方程;然后,将结构的动力方程代入无障板形式的振速方程中,通过离散声压差值和叠加板的振动模态位移,并参考有障板的声辐射阻抗表达形式,得到无障板的声辐射阻抗,进而求解振动和声辐射响应;最后,以水下简支矩形板为例,计算对比了声辐射参数,分析了模量、密度、厚度、损耗等对无障板振声性能的影响规律。结果表明:板的刚度、阻尼均可直接影响结构的振动,材料模量、厚度以及损耗因子参数越大,壳板的减振降噪性能越优越。     

盖板式陶瓷热防护系统的传热性能优化

针对高超声速飞行器对盖板式陶瓷热防护系统的迫切需求,建立了热防护系统结构瞬态传热模型;并研究了防隔热层的物性参数,厚度尺寸,相变层的种类、位置等因素对热防护系统结构传热性能的影响。结果表明,隔热层物性参数及厚度尺寸对热防护系统结构传热性能具有决定性影响,而防热层的物性参数及厚度尺寸几乎不产生影响。相变材料的引入能够明显改善热防护系统结构的传热性能。调整和优化相变层位置是改善热防护系统结构传热性能、降低结构厚度的一个有效途径。隔热层厚度的优化结果可为热防护系统结构设计提供一定的参考和依据。     

卫星柔性热控薄膜材料充放电效应试验

针对柔性热控薄膜材料导电/绝缘多层复合、微纳尺寸厚度的结构特点,采用10～70 KeV电子辐照的方法开展了kapton基二次表面镜薄膜材料充放电特性的测试试验,获得了表面充电电位、静电放电频次等关键参数,并采用蒙特卡罗方法研究了辐照电子在多层薄膜材料内的输运规律。研究结果表明由于kapton基二次表面镜薄膜结构的特殊性,当辐照电子能量为10 KeV时未发生静电放电现象,随着电子能量不断增加,薄膜材料的表面充电电位幅值与静电放电频次呈先上升后下降的变化规律,且在电子能量为25 KeV时空间充放电效应最为显著。     

加肋凹锥-环-柱结合壳结构参数分析

采用分区样条等参元法,分析了加肋凹锥 环 柱结合壳的应力和稳定性特点,研究了各项结构参数变化对结合壳应力和稳定性的影响,认为加肋凹锥 环 柱结合壳能有效降低锥柱结合部的纵向弯曲应力,但对于降低环向应力效果有限,建议在环壳段中部增加一档肋骨;半锥角的凹结合壳越大,嵌入环壳段的优势越明显;增大环壳与柱壳半径比可以有效降低环壳段中部的纵向弯曲应力.     

石墨烯微片尺寸对石墨烯纸热导率的影响

石墨烯热导率远高于传统金属薄膜等导热材料,可用作热扩散材料。石墨烯纸由石墨烯微片组装而成,石墨烯微片尺寸大小对其组装方式微观结构以及宏观导热性能等具有重要影响。采用溶液过滤自组装方法制备了分散均匀的氧化石墨烯纸,然后在Ar/H2气氛下对氧化石墨烯纸进行热还原处理,得到了石墨烯纸。结果表明,大尺寸石墨烯微片组成的石墨烯纸结构更加致密、结晶度更高;0.5μm~3μm和50μm~100μm的氧化石墨烯所制备的石墨烯纸的热导率分别为632.8 W/m K和683.7 W/m K,大尺寸石墨烯微片组成的石墨烯纸热导率提高了8%。     

Spherical-cymbal换能器静水压性能研究

对Spherical-cymbal换能器的静水压性能进行了研究。采用有限元法计算了该换能器在静水压下的米塞斯等效应力,找出了其所能承受的极限静水压。研究了金属端帽几何尺寸及端帽材料对Spherical-cymbal换能器耐压极限的影响,结果表明,空腔深度、端帽厚度及端帽材料对该换能器耐压性能影响显著;对比研究表明,参考尺寸下的Spherical-cymbal换能器比传统Cymbal换能器具有更高的耐压极限。     

膜型声子晶体原胞结构隔声性能试验研究

针对船舶舱室噪声低频控制问题，以一种薄膜型声子晶体原胞结构为研究对象，采用阻抗管法进行隔声性能试验研究，探究了不同配重质量、薄膜厚度和框架厚度对其隔声性能的影响规律。试验研究结果表明：配重质量、薄膜厚度和框架厚度增加均能提升薄膜型声子晶体的隔声性能，其中以配重质量影响最为明显；相较于无配重及单侧配重情况，双侧配重的薄膜型声子晶体隔声频段大幅拓宽，隔声量在中低频及高频显著增加，低频略有降低；增加薄膜厚度及框架厚度均可有效向低频拓宽薄膜型声子晶体的隔声频段并提高隔声量，以增加框架厚度，对低频隔声性能的提升更为明显。     

测试系统静电干扰的仿真实验研究

由于静电干扰的随机性和测试手段的限制 ,难以定量计算静电对测试系统的影响程度。基于人体静电模型和器件模型 ,导出用起电率表示的静电干扰对测试系统影响的仿真计算式 ,并计算出了一般静电环境下静电干扰的具体值 ,为测试系统的干扰计算和静电防护提供了依据     

不同光窗激光点火器耐压性能模拟及发火试验研究

为探究不同光窗材料激光点火器耐压性能及对激光点火器发火功率的影响,得到适用于激光点火器最佳光窗材料.通过ANSYS仿真软件建立光学窗口式激光点火器模型,研究蓝宝石、石英玻璃和K9玻璃3种光窗材料对不同光窗厚度下光窗应力和应变的影响,并搭建激光点火系统进行点火试验,测试其发火功率.结果表明:光窗越厚,耐压性能越好.蓝宝石...     

单层结构陶瓷天线罩材料的宽频透波性能设计

依据天线罩对宽频带透波性能的要求,采用传输线理论,建立了单层结构天线罩平板材料透波率的计算方法.对单层结构天线罩材料的介电性能参数进行了优化设计,确定了在2～18 GHz频带,0～40°入射角范围内满足透波率要求的最优介电性能参数.设计结果表明,当材料的介电常数ε≤3.0,损耗角正切tanδ≤0.02时,具有最佳厚度的...     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.