基于移相相减的双线阵左右舷分辨方法

为了增强双线阵相移相加法分辨左右舷目标的鲁棒性,提出一种基于移相相减技术的双线阵左右舷分辨方法。该方法对左、右线列阵进行移相处理,得到对应角度上的合成数据;利用相减技术对左、右线列阵合成数据进行处理,可降低分辨目标左右舷对左、右线列阵间距要求。理论分析和数据处理结果均表明,相比相移相加法,在左、右线列阵间距远小于处理信号波长,该方法具有很好的左右舷抑制比,扩大了同一双线阵对处理信号频带的适用范围,具有较好的稳健性和有效性。     

减少航程损失的尾流自导新方案

提出了一种基于三元换能器组的尾流自导导引方案,它对尾流的左右舷判别能力使其可以采用较小的尾流出入角度,从而可以较大程度降低鱼雷航程损失.仿真结果表明,该方案可以在不降低鱼雷末弹道命中概率的前提下,将尾流导引段的航程损失由通常的15%降低到5%左右.     

基于目标舷角分布范围的拖线阵声纳左右舷分辨推理模型

被动拖曳线列阵声纳存在目标左右舷模糊的问题,现有分辨模型可能导致误判。为克服现有模型的误判问题,综合考虑目标距离、初始舷角以及本舰机动角度等重要影响因素,建立了本舰转向完成重新测得目标时目标舷角(θ1)分布范围的解算模型。基于该模型得到目标分别位于本舰左舷或右舷时目标舷角对应的分布区间1和区间2。根据区间1和区间2的不同组合以及θ1值落在区间1和区间2的不同情形,建立了拖曳线列阵声纳左右舷的新模型。最后,实例验证了模型的适用性和正确性。     

矢量阵的快速宽带频域波束形成方法

矢量水听器能获取振速信息,因此由其所组成的阵列有着常规声压阵列所不能比拟的优势,但正因为有了振速各分量信息,基于矢量阵的信号处理面临计算量大为增加的高维协方差矩阵运算的难题,当阵元数较多时,难以实时实现。为此,基于FFT思想,提出了一种适用于矢量水听器阵列的快速宽带频域波束形成方法。该方法在频域实现,将宽带信号分解为多个窄带信号,采用快速傅立叶变换来实现各阵元数据的相移累加过程,处理速度得以大幅提高。研究表明:该方法完全满足实时处理的需求,其测向性能也能达到克拉美-罗下界,且矢量阵具有常规阵所不具有的左右舷分辨能力,对微弱目标的检测能力也较强。     

坦克炮火力威力评价的多指标灰色关联决策模型

为了对坦克炮火力威力进行评估,提出一种新的解决方法.针对坦克炮火力威力评价中需要进行多属性、多指标决策的特点,利用在"奖优罚劣"原则基础上建立的[-1,1]线性变换算子,寻求决策方案的正、负理想方案,计算评价方案与正、负理想方案的关联度,建立了坦克炮火力威力评价的灰色关联度决策模型.计算实例的结果表明,该模型计算简捷、分辨程度较高、稳定性也好,可应用于坦克炮火力威力评价.     

单脉冲雷达导引头对抗投放式诱饵技术研究

为提高单脉冲雷达导引头对投放式诱饵干扰的检测和分辨性能,利用投放式诱饵干扰情况下单脉冲比的概率分布特性,采用基于奈曼-皮尔逊准则的GLRT检测方法来进行干扰的检测;在干扰信噪比未知情况下通过顺序估计目标和诱饵信噪比进而估计目标DOA的方法对目标和诱饵进行分辨.仿真结果证实了对诱饵的检测和分辨算法的有效性.     

编队对潜作战中抗友邻舰干扰方法

针对编队远程水下警戒中拖曳线列阵声纳抗编队中友邻舰辐射噪声干扰问题,基于拖曳线列阵声纳的检测性能,由友邻干扰时空频特征,给出了产生干扰盲区与左右舷镜像源的原因。分析了两种抗友邻干扰"软补盲"方法的优缺点,并通过计算机仿真双舰编队在平行搜索且只有一条拖曳线列阵工作模式下,得到了未使用抗干扰和采用"软补盲"抗干扰方法后对于被动拖曳线列阵声纳检测性能产生的不同影响,并根据影响结果给出了平行搜索方式下使用"软补盲"抗干扰方法后的队形配置建议与作战指挥原则。     

典型声目标噪声场特征提取的研究

本文对小波变换和多分辨分析技术的基本理论进行了研究,依据信号的多分辨小波分解及其所表现出的多水平特性、局部化分析特性等特点,提出了利用小流变换后声信号在不同水平的和为声目标的特征矢量的特征提取方法,并对实测直升机和坦克噪声数据进行分析计算,列出计算机分析的结果,得出了相应结论。     

一类无线电能传输系统无证书签密攻击方法

基于离散对数难题的无证书签密方案与传统签名加密方案具有一定的优势,但是作者却在分析该类签密方案的基础上,通过在多项式时间内解决密文的分辨性问题,给出了针对密文机密性问题的攻击方法。然后,通过构造签密消息和替换用户公钥的方法,实现了对签名的选择性伪造攻击,由此表明:不仅所提出攻击方法是可行性的,而且现有的一类基于离散对数的无线电能传输系统的无证书签密方案也存在密文机密性漏洞和签名的选择性伪造漏洞。     

阵列雷达波束内双目标的极大似然角度估计方法

单波束内目标往往相距较近,采用传统角度分辨技术难以将其分辨,从而给目标跟踪和识别带来较大困难。于是提出基于LM算法的极大似然角度估计方法,实现波束内双目标的分辨。该方法在阵列雷达的基础上建立双目标回波模型,推导极大似然角度估计算法。考虑到求解算法直接影响极大似然角度估计的收敛速度和估计精度,利用LM算法实现了极大似然估计的求解,从而得到目标角度的精确估计。该方法避免了多次脉冲相干积累,具有计算量小的特点。仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.