机构可靠性

本文讨论了机构可靠性问题,指出机构可靠性主要取决于运动副的约束条件的稳定性.其中,包括运动约束条件和几何形状约束条件的稳定性,这就使机构可靠性研究的着眼点更为明确.     

一般机构的解耦运动

运动解耦的机构容易控制 ,并且可以达到更高的运动精度。然而随着机构学不断发展 ,尤其是并联机构的出现 ,很多机构不具有运动解耦的性质。对于并联机构 ,可以得出结论 ,运动不解耦才是其本质特征。因此有必要研究一般机构实现的简单运动 ,并定义为解耦运动。解耦运动对机构的运动控制和轨迹规划都有一定意义。使用螺旋理论 ,给出了解耦运动的定义、分类 ,及机构存在解耦运动的必要条件和充分特例。最后通过一个二自由度转动机构的设计实例 ,综合了上述概念和方法。     

船舶蒸汽动力装置液压放大机构运动精度可靠性研究

在船舶蒸汽动力装置控制系统中,时其液压调节过程要求准确、及时、协调.针时莱型舰艇汽力装置的液压控制系统,首先分析了其组成结构、功能特点,并抽象出了其物理模型.随后根据控制系统调节过程的工作原理,推导了放大机构的数学运动方程,并建立了放大机构的可靠度模型,考虑可能影响放大机构运动精度的两种因素,利用可靠度经典模型对其中挡...     

一种新型手腕驱动机构及其运动分析

以基于球形齿轮传动的柔性手腕为研究对象,提出了一种新型手腕驱动机构,并对此机构进行运动分析,建立了它的运动模型,推导出了运动方程的解。分析结果证明了该机构运动的确定性、传动的准确性。     

基于球齿轮的新型轮腿复合式移动平台设计研究

复合式移动系统是当前移动机器人研究的热点之一.总结了已有的一些轮-腿复合式移动系统的研究成果及结构特点,提出一种基于球齿轮机构的新型轮-腿复合式移动平台的结构设计方案,这种新型移动平台的轮腿机构具有不同于已有轮-腿复合式移动系统独特的运动特征,在结构上可实现"轮"、"腿"的真正融合,使得平台具有轮式、腿式和轮-腿复合三种移动模式,可实现直行、斜行、小半径转弯甚至原地转弯等多种运动姿态.对轮腿机构进行了计算机虚拟模型运动仿真研究,并对平台样机进行了姿态调整实验,结果表明这种新型移动平台能够实现设定的多种复杂运动姿态.     

机构的工作能力与约束条件

本文是“机构可靠性”的续篇.进一步讨论了机构的工作能力和约束条件,将其划分为构件的和运动副的工作能力与约束条件,给出了描述方法,为机构可靠性与工作能力的定量分析打下了基础.     

磨损对曲柄连杆机构运动功能可靠性的影响分析

讨论了曲柄连杆机构运动功能可靠性的概念,并分析了造成该机构运动功能丧失的各种磨损因素。采用随机仿真的方法对典型机构的磨损寿命进行了分析,可作为一种计算机构运动功能可靠性分布规律和寿命的方法。     

构件和运动副的工作能力的定量描述

继建立起机构工作能力的计算模型之后,讨论如何将构件和运动副的工作能力定量化,并给出了计算示例,从而使机构工作能力的定量分析更为明了.     

基于SolidWorks的基本机构空间运动仿真研究

给出了SolidWorks环境下基本机构空间运动仿真的基本原理。按“后台预置”装配方法进行基本机构三维虚拟实体装配,实现了基本机构在空间的运动仿真,为计算机辅助概念创新设计中机械系统的运动仿真打下基础。     

用逆推法进行平面复杂机构的运动分析

本文依据相对运动不变性原理,提出了一种可用于平面复杂机构运动分析的有效方法——递推法。本方法可用来绘制机构运动简图以及推导机构运动参数之间的解析表达式。经计算机仿真证明:逆推法是正确而有效的。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.