The Soviet Biological Weapons Program: A History

The Soviet Biological Weapons Program: A History. by Milton Leitenberg and Raymond A. Zilinskas (with Jens H. Kuhn), Harvard University Press, 2012. 921 pages, $55.     

龙冈大捷:中央苏区和中华苏维埃共和国的奠基之战

中央苏区红军第一次反“围剿”的主战场,在江西永丰县的龙冈.龙冈大捷,是中央苏区和中华苏维埃共和国的奠基之战.没有罗坊会议“诱敌深入”的重大战略决策,就没有红军第一次反“围剿”战争的胜利.罗坊会议前后曾争论迭起,毛泽东运筹帷幄、决策拍板,彭德怀鼎力支持、策应启动,红一方面军第1、第3军团顺利合兵、东渡赣江,红军主力实施战略退却、小布集结,取得第一次反“围剿”的重大胜利.     

The U.S. versus the Soviet incentive models

This paper is concerned with models of the use of performance incentives in the Soviet Union and United States. The principal analytical result is an extension of an analysis of the methods whereby Soviet planners make the decision about production targets a variable under control of the producer, who is the only one possessing a knowledge of the uncertain condition of production. It is shown that this device can be viewed as a classical inventory problem. There is also an examination of the “U.S. incentive program” referring to multi-incentive contracts in which the profits received by the private producers are related to performance, outcome and cost. The analysis describes how this device can be extended to solve the target output selection problem of the Soviet planning system.     

中华苏维埃共和国政府成立与撤销的历史思考

中国共产党在领导中国各族人民为建立新中国而奋斗的过程中,曾经在土地革命战争中期成立中华苏维埃共和国政府,后又在与国民党建立抗日民族统一战线时主动撤销。它的成立,昭示了中国共产党拳拳中国心,它的撤销,展现了中国共产党殷殷民族情;它和它的历史演绎,蕴涵着系于政权、政党成败和国家统一的深远意义,值得给以深入研究。一、中华苏维埃共和国政府的成立,旨在以光明的新中国代替黑暗的旧中国,给黑暗中的中国人民指出了光明的前景中华苏维埃共和国政府的成立,是近代中国民族民主革命斗争发展的结果,是中国共产党为民族独立和…