载机扰动下SAR/GMTI旋转目标微多普勒特性分析

目标微动部件激励的雷达微多普勒信号稳定而独特,反映了该目标的本质特征。针对采用相位中心偏置技术(DPCA)的SAR/GMTI系统,研究存在载机扰动下的旋转目标的微多普勒特性。构建飞行平台与微动目标的几何模型,推导旋转目标的微多普勒信号模型,分析典型的载机纵向扰动对微多普勒时频特性构成的影响;并通过仿真实验,验证了上述理论分析的正确性。     

基于最优核时频分布的装甲车辆微多普勒特征分析

依据微多普勒效应原理,构建了装甲车辆微动的雷达回波数学模型,推导了装甲车辆点目标的回波信号解析关系,并针对回波信号非平稳非线性的特点,利用最优核时频分布结合求时频脊的方法,仿真提取了装甲车辆微动线目标的回波微多普勒特征。仿真结果表明:线目标模型更能凸现、解析装甲车辆微动特征;采用的最优核时频分布结合求时频脊方法,具有比经典二次型分布更好的时频像,能较好地提取出微多普勒特征。最后,利用该方法分析了低信噪比下目标加速度、身管长度等参数对微多普勒特征的影响。     

MIMO雷达弹头目标微动模型及微多普勒效应

弹头目标识别是弹道导弹防御系统中最为关键的技术之一。将多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达技术和微多普勒特征分析技术引入弹道中段目标识别,可有效克服弹头隐身技术和有源干扰技术等对识别带来的困难,提高识别精度。建立了MIMO雷达中弹头目标的微动模型,给出了弹头自旋、锥旋和进动引起的微多普勒效应的参数化表达,并通过对仿真回波数据进行时频分析验证了理论分析的正确性,为弹头目标的准确识别提供了新的理论依据。     

东海防空识别区管控若干难题分析及对策

本文分析了当前东海防空识别区管控所面临的难题,主要包括全空域全时段预警监视难、域内目标识别难、不明空情处置难等问题。针对预警监视难题,提出了采用无人机补充覆盖沿海雷达海上探测盲区的方法和具体警巡策略。针对目标识别难题,提出研发新的空防系统、减少相关部门的协调以及提升对空探测传感器识别技术与方法的策略。针对处置的难题,提出了基于概率的多目的约束规划模型来获取较合适的空情处置策略。     

LFM脉压雷达的随机移频干扰研究

分析了固定移频干扰对LFM脉冲压缩雷达的干扰效果,针对固定移频干扰容易被识别的缺点,提出了一种改进的移频方式——随机移频。理论分析表明随机移频干扰经脉压处理后为覆盖一定距离的似噪声干扰带,通过控制频移量的随机分布参数可改变干扰带覆盖范围、干扰带中心位置和干扰带内能量分布。由于干扰获得了部分压缩增益,较低的干扰功率就可实现遮盖干扰。仿真实验证实了理论分析的正确性和干扰的有效性。     

对PD雷达的多相位分段调制干扰方法研究

针对采用移频干扰对脉冲多普勒(PD)雷达实施干扰时容易被敌方识别的缺点,提出一种多相位分段调制干扰方法。对多相位分段调制的基本原理进行说明,建立数学模型推导干扰信号的表达式,以应用LFM信号的PD雷达为平台,对干扰信号的幅相特性和脉冲压缩结果进行推导,分析了信号分路数、调制相位数量以及相位调制值3个干扰参数对遮盖效果的影响。最后通过仿真对比验证说明,与移频干扰相比,该方法能够形成灵活可靠的多样化干扰效果。     

组网雷达中微多普勒效应分析与仿真

微动产生的微多普勒特征是弹道目标微动参数提取与识别的重要依据。首先基于组网雷达,分析弹道目标中3种典型的微动模型,得到微距离关于雷达观测视角的参数化表示,然后分别针对窄带雷达和宽带雷达作回波分析,最终得到雷达观测到的弹道目标微多普勒效应与雷达观测视角以及信号参数的关系,后面的仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。     

弹道导弹微动模型及微多普勒特征研究

通过微多普勒可以提取弹道导弹目标的微动特征,利用弹头和诱饵微动特征的差异可识别出真弹头.运用角动量守恒定理分析了弹道导弹目标在各阶段的微动形式,运用叉乘矩阵、泰勒级数等原理,推导出了弹道导弹目标的微动模型,给出了弹道导弹目标的微多普勒计算公式,从理论上分析了其微多普勒特征.利用时频分析方法从回波信号中提取了弹道导弹目标的微多普勒,从回波信号中提取的微多普勒与理论上计算的微多普勒一致,表明分析方法有效,结论正确.     

一种特殊结构双基地雷达的空射诱饵信号特征

分析了空射诱饵的使用特点和威胁特征,建立了一种特殊的双基地雷达-单发双收结构下的发射信号和接收信号模型。分析了空射诱饵信号增强设备发射信号与诱饵本体反射信号构成的接收站1接收信号,与仅接收诱饵本体反射信号的接收站2信号的时域、频域特点,证明很难从时频域区分两类信号。建立了雷达发射信号经诱饵本体反射后在两个接收站的时延差和多普勒频移差的模型,分析得出了信号时延差和多普勒频移差与诱饵运行时间和双基地雷达结构参量的关系,证明两个接收站的时延差和多普勒频移差具有稳定的关系。分析结果对于利用该类特殊结构的双基地雷达探测识别诱饵具有一定的参考价值。     

OFD-LFM MIMO雷达中目标部件振动的微多普勒效应分析

与传统单基雷达系统相比,多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达系统充分利用发射分集和接收分集的优势,能够在不同的视角接收目标回波信号,可以提取目标更精细的微多普勒特征,因而大大提高了雷达对目标的识别能力。基于MIMO雷达系统,详细分析推导了正交频分线性调频信号体制下目标部件振动的微多普勒效应,并采用时频分析工具对理论分析的结果进行了仿真验证。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.