基于矩阵运算的光学零件磁流变加工的驻留时间算法

提出了一种光学零件磁流变加工的驻留时间计算方法.该算法以矩阵运算为基础,首先确定工件上各个控制节点的高度余量,并将磁流变抛光模对各控制节点的材料去除能力体现到去除矩阵中,然后利用非负最小二乘法求解驻留时间向量.采用该算法在自行研制的磁流变抛光机床上进行抛光实验,经过2次迭代加工后,有效口径为145mm的球面镜P-V值达到40.5nm(约为λ/15),RMS值达到5nm(约为λ/125),表面粗糙度Ra值达到0.57nm.     

回转对称非球面光学零件磁流变成形抛光的驻留时间算法

介绍了一种基于代数算法的回转对称非球面计算机控制表面成形的驻留时间算法。该算法将驻留时间转化为工件自转的整数圈数,并且将抛光模对工件的材料去除效率体现到材料去除矩阵上进行计算。利用非负最小二乘法求解驻留时间向量。最后,利用该算法在自研的磁流变抛光实验装置上对一回转对称光学零件进行3次迭代加工,使其面形精度从8μm提高到0.5μm以内。     

利用时频稀疏性的跳频信号盲检测和参数盲估计

针对在低信噪比的稳定分布噪声和定频干扰背景中,跳频信号检测和参数估计性能不佳的问题,利用分数低阶短时傅里叶变换得到时频矩阵;对时频矩阵按频率行去均值,抑制定频干扰;通过时频峰值优化、时频矩阵清洗和强化处理,降低频谱泄漏和噪声对跳频信号时频稀疏性的影响;利用此稀疏性进行检测和估计,即根据跳频信号在驻留时间内的连续性检测跳频信号,估计跳频频率;根据驻留时间起点及间隔,估计跳变时刻和跳周期.仿真结果表明,在低信噪比下,该算法的检测和参数估计性能均有较大提高,且优于现有算法.     

动态网络中的最短路径改进算法

本文在对动态网络进行理论分析的基础上,指出动态网络中可能出现的非FIFO弧是传统最短路径算法无法求得最优解的原因;通过对非FIFO弧进行理论分析,提出了等待时域和最佳出发时间理论,并将非FIFO弧变换成FIFO弧,给出了改进的Dijkstra算法。对比实验结果证明,该算法可以有效求得动态网络最短路径问题的最优解。     

基于直觉模糊聚类算法的导弹打击目标规划

为了解决传统模糊聚类算法对单一隶属度依赖较重的问题,设计了一种直觉模糊聚类算法,运用于导弹打击目标规划领域;该算法首先根据目标的原始数据矩阵,利用隶属函数和非隶属函数,计算得出直觉模糊特征量矩阵;然后利用直觉模糊相似度和相异度,计算得出相似矩阵,再进行合成运算求得等价矩阵;最后根据设定的置信度,进行聚类分析。经实例仿真计算,该算法能够较好地按照规划标准对目标规划分类,规划结果的准确性有了大幅的提高。     

基于优化蚁群算法的装备调拨决策系统研究与设计

将蚁群算法和遗传算法应用于装备调拨决策系统,实现了装备调拨决策信息的生成.同时利用遗传算法对蚁群算法的参数进行了优化,实验证明优化后的蚁群算法在平均路径长度、算法平均执行时间和总执行时间上较传统蚁群算法都有一定程度的改进.     

双圆阵模式空间二维解相干

提出一种相干信号二维波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计算法——模式空间波达方向矩阵(Mode-Space DOA Matrix,MS-DOAM)法。算法基于双圆阵,利用模式空间转换将圆阵转换为虚拟双平行线阵,计算虚拟线阵阵元间的互相关信息,构造两个等效协方差矩阵,进而构造波达方向矩阵,对该波达方向矩阵特征分解,利用得到的特征值与特征矢量求得入射信号的仰角和方位角。算法无需二维搜索,实现估计参数自动配对。仿真结果表明,算法在低信噪比和短快拍条件下,估计误差低于虚拟空间平移算法。     

基于去除函数预测模型的磁流变抛光工艺优化研究

在分析磁流变抛光加工过程的基础上,建立了磁流变抛光的去除函数预测模型,该模型利用加工前后的面形误差分布和仿真计算的面形残差分布,针对不同材料间的去除函数模型效率系数进行辨识,能够实现去除函数模型的准确预测.以该模型为基础,通过在传统磁流变抛光工艺中加入去除函数效率系数实时辨识的工艺环节,可以对磁流变抛光的加工工艺进行优化.利用该优化工艺对一块口径202mm的HIP SiC进行9次循环迭代加工,采用子孔径拼接测量技术进行测量,面形误差由初始的PV 0.72μm,RMS 0.108μm提升到最终的PV0.13μm,RMS0.012μm.实验表明,去除函数预测模型能够优化磁流变抛光工艺,提高加工的确定性和增强工艺的适用性,实现光学镜面的高精度确定性磁流变抛光加工.     

基于有限元法的超声相控全矩阵检测与成像仿真

全矩阵超声相控阵成像技术具有信噪比好、缺陷分辨率高等优点,近年来在无损检测领域获得广泛研究.基于全矩阵数据采集理论和全聚焦成像算法原理,采用有限元法建立超声相控全矩阵检测模型,该模型以钢板中的圆孔缺陷检测为研究对象,提取检测模型中超声纵波幅值信号进行分析.仿真结果显示,采集到的全矩阵A扫描数据具有对称性,且全聚焦算法能有效地实现缺陷的反演成像.成像结果进一步表明,与常规B扫描检测模型相比,该全矩阵模型能准确定位缺陷位置且成像效果较好.而对于某一特定检测介质的全聚焦成像,不同的阵元数成像效果也不同,可以通过数值模拟确定最优的阵元数.     

动态目标的Field D~*算法及路径的提取计算

FieldD*算法计算的路径消耗较优并较为平滑,但该方法的计算量很大,尤其是在对动态目标的规划时,计算时间无法满足实际要求。针对该缺陷,在对FieldD*计算原理分析的基础上,提出了在目标是动态的情况下,只进行前目标与新目标的路径规划,并对FieldD*计算所得路径消耗只进行局部修改的动态规划算法,该动态算法可以有效减少计算量。将得到的路径消耗值应用到路径的提取算法中,路径提取算法针对路径消耗的不同情况下,提出不同的路径提取方法,并最终得出总体路径消耗最优的路径。在以栅格法建立的数字海图中进行仿真验证,该动态计算和路径提取算法与D*算法相比,计算所得的路径更为平滑,路径的总体消耗也更少,缺点是所需计算时间略长。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.