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Natural resources have been blamed for inducing slow growth and sparking civil conflicts and violence. This paper first develops a model to account for the hazard of armed civil conflicts as a manifestation of the natural resource curse, which is mediated by the quality of both economic and political institutions. We then use recently published data on institutional quality and natural resource rents to measure the potential impact of the resource curse on violent civil conflicts using a panel of data for over 100 countries in the period 1970–2010. Our model explicitly accounts for the role of good economic and political institutions in deterring the recourse to violence as well as the extent to which they might weaken the resource rents effect. 相似文献
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M. Rashel Hasan 《Defence and Peace Economics》2017,28(2):188-207
We examine how armed conflict effects financial development in a cross-country setting using dynamic panel data analysis in a panel of 66 developing countries for the period 1985–2010. Financial development is measured by M2 as a share of GDP, and credit allocated to private sector by banks as a share of GDP. Our findings suggest that armed conflict has a significant adverse effect on financial development. Simultaneously, the quality of governance is always highly significant and conducive to the financial development. The quality of governance is more salient in determining financial development compared to low- and medium-intensity armed conflict; however, the quality of governance cannot entirely offset the adverse impact of high-intensity armed conflict on financial development. 相似文献
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The dependence on oil, gas, and mineral exports arguably has a negative impact on economic growth in resource-rich, developing countries. This article looks at the impact of resource dependence on adjusted net savings (ANS) as an indicator of weak sustainability. Our results, based on a panel of 104 developing countries during the recent commodity price boom, confirm a negative relationship between resource extraction and sustainable development as measured by ANS. We further look at the specific role of armed conflict and armed violence as captured by the homicide rate. Armed conflict, which is positively associated with resource dependence, negatively affects ANS per capita according to both our OLS and instrumental variables (IV) estimates. Similarly, armed violence has a detrimental effect on sustainable development. Our IV estimate suggests that a one-point increase in the homicide rate decreases ANS per capita by $60. Since education expenditures are a critical ANS component, we further examine the impact of resource dependence and violence on human capital. Consistent with previous findings, resource-dependent countries underinvest in education but armed conflict and violence do not affect the instantaneous share of education expenditures, hinting at a detrimental effect working through physical and social capital rather than education. 相似文献
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Soumyanetra Munshi 《Defence and Peace Economics》2019,30(3):278-308
This paper proposes a simple game-theoretic framework for analyzing the relationship between the government, industry and indigenous community, especially in the context of mounting violence surrounding displacement of indigenous communities by governments for the purposes of commercial use of their habitat. It specifically takes into account the possibility of alleged ‘nexus’ between the government and the industry and explores its implications on the level of allocation and utilities of the players. We find that the bias in allocation that occurs when the government and the industry enter a ‘nexus’ can be rectified when there is resistance from the indigenous groups. Moreover, rebellion is a dominant strategy of the indigenous community, irrespective of whether there is ‘nexus’ or not, and being in ‘nexus’ with the government is a best response for the industry. The unique SPNE occurs when there is ‘nexus’ between the industry and the government and resistance by the indigenous groups, corroborating the widespread allegations of ‘nexus’ and evidence of resistance worldwide. We also explore a few extensions of the basic model and present some narrative evidence in support of the theoretical model. 相似文献
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Keith Hartley 《Defence and Peace Economics》2013,24(2):107-115
European defence policy has been dominated by politics. This paper shows how economic principles can be used to derive guidelines for the formulation of European defence policy. The inefficiencies of the EU's existing defence arrangements are identified. It is shown that there is scope for efficiency improvements in the EU's Armed Forces and its defence industries. 相似文献
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Jean Chrysostome K. Kiyala 《African Security Review》2013,22(3-4):193-211
ABSTRACTThe most critical challenges faced by war-affected communities where children have allegedly perpetrated atrocities include: finding transitional justice practices that address the needs of former belligerent children and those of victims and their communities; and helping to reintegrate child soldiers into society and avoid returning to hostilities. This paper demonstrates that these challenges can be overcome by taking a holistic approach to child soldiering transitional justice, which assimilates restorative justice and social justice. Such an approach simultaneously addresses child soldiers’ criminal accountability and pursues their psychosocial wellbeing. The findings are based on a selective scholarship supported by fieldwork that was conducted in the Democratic Republic of Congo between May and December 2014 in North Kivu province. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and survey questionnaires based on a randomised sample of 282 participants. These included self-demobilised child soldiers, members of war-affected communities, students/learners, educators, local traditional leaders, government officials, child protection lawyers and members of non-governmental organisations. 相似文献
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Charles R. Boehmer 《Defence and Peace Economics》2013,24(3):249-268
This paper extends the joint product model of military alliances to apply to the new strategic doctrine adopted by NATO in the 1990s. In particular, a choice must be made between protecting one's own territory and pooling forces for an alliancewide rapid reaction force. This new model accounts for a host of externalities and their implications for burden sharing, full financing, and allocative efficiency. The Pigouvian taxes that adjust for force thinning and attack deflection are shown to finance optimal border‐protecting forces under a variety of circumstances. Second‐best considerations arise owing to the pure publicness of rapid reaction forces. The ideal toll arrangement does not currently characterize NATO financing, nor is it likely to do so. 相似文献
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军事仿真概念模型及其开发过程研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
军事仿真概念模型是对现实军事世界中事物或现象的一种独立于具体仿真实现的表示方法。规范的仿真概念模型是一种“认识标准”,是军事领域专家与仿真技术人员沟通、协作,提高仿真模型正确性、互操作与重用性的基础。本文从仿真概念模型的内涵、作用与分类出发,探讨了仿真概念模型在军事仿真开发中的位置和角色。 相似文献
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We analyze theoretically and empirically the effects of economic policy and the receipt of foreign aid on the risk of civil war. We find that aid and policy do not have direct effects upon conflict risk. However, both directly affect the growth rate and the extent of dependence upon primary commodity exports, and these in turn affect the risk of conflict. Simulating the effect of a package of policy reform and increased aid on the average aid recipient country, we find that after five years the risk of conflict is reduced by nearly 30%. 相似文献
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一种维修性随机网络仿真模型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在研究现有维修性分配、预计模型的基础上,提出了一种系统维修性随机网络仿真模型,该模型可以用来预计系统维修时间分布及相关维修性参数,并给出了具体的建模步骤及实例。 相似文献
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研究MAS在装备综合保障仿真中应用的方法与工作流程,结合实际应用系统的设计与开发,将基于Agent的离散事件仿真建模技术引入系统RMS建模与仿真研究中,开发了一个原型系统,并进行了实验验证。研究证明,基于Agent的建模与仿真方法可用于大型复杂装备综合保障系统的建模与仿真。 相似文献
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Economic reconstruction typically takes place after the end of war. Yet recently, economic reconstruction has been viewed as a means to ‘win hearts and minds’ during ongoing conflict. Drawing on a variety of reconstruction experiences from Afghanistan and Iraq, we identify four ‘reconstruction traps’ that result from the incentives and constraints faced by actors involved in economic reconstruction during ongoing conflict. These traps include: 1. the credible commitment trap, 2. the knowledge trap, 3. the political economy trap, and 4. the bureaucracy trap. Avoiding these traps is critical for successful economic reconstruction; and we discuss potential strategies for doing so. 相似文献
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多分辨率建模在联合作战仿真中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对目前联合作战建模与仿真中存在的困难和问题,运用多分辨率建模(MRM)方法对其进行了探索研究。对联合作战的作战要素、仿真映射结构进行了分析,探讨了多分辨率建模的主要方法,提出了联合作战仿真的体系结构,并设计了基于多分辨率建模的联合作战仿真模型框架。 相似文献
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面向对象的仿真方法综述 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
面向对象仿真方法是当前仿真技术发展的一个重要方面。它是一种框架化、层次化和模块化的建模方法,有利于提高模型的封装性、灵活性、重用性、可扩展性和可维护性,在各个领域得到了广泛的应用。本文介绍基于ＯＯＤＢ的ＯＯＳ、基于ＤＥＶＳ的ＯＯＳ和基于Ａｃｔｏｒ的ＯＯＳ等三个主要流派的主要思想和建模仿真方法 相似文献