W波段雷达导引头低剖面单脉冲天线研究

为降低W波段毫米波雷达导引头单脉冲天线的体积和加工难度,设计了一种新型雷达导引头低剖面单脉冲径向线缝隙阵列天线(MPRLSA).该天线由矩形波导一径向线变换器、径向线缝隙阵列和平面和差网络组成.使用遗传算法和电磁场仿真软件相结合的方法自动优化设计导引头单脉冲天线各个部件,给出了优化前后和差方向图.仿真性能满足使用要求.     

一种波束展宽的宽频带圆极化微带天线的设计与制作

文章设计了一种波束展宽的宽频带圆极化微带天线。天线单元采用层叠结构的形式实现宽频带,通过在天线四周加导电墙并改变地板尺寸展宽微带天线的波束宽度。主要研究了改变导电墙高度以及地板大小对天线的半功率波束宽度以及低仰角增益带来的影响,通过仿真优化,这种方法可以将天线的半功率波束宽度从68°提高到100°,同时仰角30°增益从0.01 dB提高到2.4 dB。加工制作了相应的微带天线,测试结果表明该天线具有频带宽、低仰角增益高以及波束宽度宽的优点,与仿真结果吻合较好。     

新型树状分形超宽带天线的设计

提出了一种新型树状分形超宽带天线。采用共面波导馈电,通过加载分形缝隙,使天线的阻抗带宽大幅提高。给出了天线回波损耗、方向图和增益结果。对2阶分形天线进行了加工与测试。测试结果表明,天线带宽达到3.5～8GHz,相对带宽为70%。仿真结果与测试结果基本吻合,为超宽带小型化天线的设计提供了新的思路。     

宽带宽缝隙共形天线的设计及其特性研究

针对宽带共形天线需要满足剖面低、体积小、易与载体共形并且具有宽频带性能的要求,文章首先设计了一种宽带宽缝隙平面天线,采用共面波导方式(CPW)馈电,低介电常数介质板厚度仅有0.2 mm,分析了各个参数对天线特性的影响,将平面天线与柱体共形,研究了天线共形之后的阻抗特性和辐射特性的变化。仿真结果表明,平面天线的阻抗带宽(S11≤10 dB)覆盖5.35 GHz~6.7 GHz,中心频率为5.85 GHz,最大增益4.5 dB,辐射特性稳定,共形后天线的谐振频率减小,低频带宽增大,波束宽度展宽,辐射增强,阻抗带宽覆盖5.24 GHz~6.43GHz,最大增益4.6 dB,辐射特性稳定。测试结果与仿真吻合较好,天线的结构简单,易于和载体共形。     

基于蜂群算法多子阵电台天线波束形成

考虑到战场环境下,低信噪比和敌方干扰容易造成超短波电台通信中断,而鉴于天线阵可以有效提高信噪比和抑制干扰,结合战场电台天线分布特点,提出一种多子阵电台天线应急接收模型。理论分析多子阵电台天线波束形成特性,以消除栅瓣、抑制干扰、提高增益为目标,采用蜂群算法对子阵间距进行优化。仿真结果表明,优化子阵间距可以有效消除栅瓣、抑制干扰、提高增益。同时,与遗传算法和粒子群算法相比,蜂群算法具有更好的全局搜索能力和收敛速度。该研究成果可为超短波电台应急通信提供参考。     

一种新型微带贴片天线及其分析

从普通微带贴片天线效率低的事实出发,提出了一种易于制作的新型微带贴片天线,对其进行仿真,并对仿真结果进行分析,与普通贴片天线进行比较,实测和仿真结果表明该天线的增益比普通天线约高0.3dB。该天线由于制作简单性能优良而具有一定的实用价值。     

一种新型双频双感圆极化方形环缝隙天线

文章设计了一种新型双频双感圆极化方形环缝隙天线。通过在接地板上开两个方形环缝隙,并改变方形环缝对角处的缝隙宽度形成微扰,从而分离谐振模来实现该天线的双频圆极化辐射。两个微扰结构关于馈电微带对称放置,则形成双频双感圆极化辐射。对该天线进行了仿真、制作和测试,仿真和测试结果表明,该天线在两个频带都具有良好的圆极化辐射效果。     

高功率UWB天线阵及其在外场探测中的应用

运用切割式巴仑实现高功率超宽带天线的平衡馈电,并用FDTD进行仿真分析。研制出2×4元高功率天线阵,测量结果显示该天线阵能耐250kV以上高压,工作带宽达6个倍频(200～12 000MHz),具有较好的脉冲波形保真性。利用所研制的天线阵列建立外场探测实验系统,在外场进行目标探测试验。结果表明该天线阵可以用于实际的超宽带雷达发射天线阵,为高功率源在雷达探测中的应用作出了初步探索。     

X波段全向共形机载天线的仿真与设计

针对工作于X频段的机载雷达天线的技术设计,使该天线由矩形平面天线与柱体共形,通过共面波导方式对其进行馈电。天线单元采用介电常数2.55,厚度为0.2mm的薄介质板。利用HFSS12对平面天线和共形天线进行仿真设计,对比了平面天线与共形天线的阻抗特性和辐射特性的变化。实验结果表明,共形后的天线带宽变大,增益提高,波束宽度展宽。在X波段内实现了低仰角扫描和方位面的全向扫描,实测阻抗带宽为7.0～12.5GHz,最大增益可达4dB,辐射特性稳定,满足机载天线的性能指标,可用作机载雷达天线单元。     

高功率微波辐照下抛物面天线的响应特性分析

针对天线响应信号仿真分析中激励源模拟、传播空间等效、仿真精度验证等难点,以典型抛物面天线为研究对象,提出了适用的仿真方案,计算了天线在高功率微波照射下的时频域响应特征。在此基础上,开展相应的响应特性实验,验证了仿真方法的正确性,为高功率微波照射下天线响应特性的研究提供了技术支撑。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.