基于逼真度的战场电磁环境构设效果评估方法

为聚焦“能打仗,打胜仗”,使部队在实战化条件下进行训练,构设贴近实战的“真实”的电磁环境是根本途径。为判断所构设的电磁环境与实战电磁环境的一致性,必须对战场电磁环境构设情况进行评估。从战场电磁态势形成角度将作战全程电磁环境构设效果分为作战准备阶段、作战发起之前和作战进行之中三个阶段,对每个阶段的多种电磁环境,分别从装备性能逼真度和战术应用逼真度两个角度进行评估,具体给出了战场电磁环境构设效果评估方法。该方法在实践中得到较好的应用,达到以评促建目的。     

复杂网络电磁环境构设应把握三个关键环节

构设逼真的复杂网络电磁环境,是有效开展实战化训练的前提,应认识其主要特点,遵循其内在的规律,重点把握好几个关键环节。文章着重从复杂网电环境的基本特点、典型要素和等效模拟三个角度入手,对复杂网电环境的构设原则、内容划分和方法运用进行了探讨。     

基于Vague集相似度的战场电磁环境构设逼真度评估

针对战场电磁环境构设评估的问题,提出了一种新的基于电磁环境逼真度宏观相似元和Vague集相似度的评估方法,该方法把电磁环境构设逼真度评估的问题转化为Vague集相似度度量问题,较好解决了逼真度评估过程中的不确定问题。从电磁复杂度评估指标中提取构设宏观逼真度相似元。根据Vague集理论,建立了相似元与Vague值之间的关系,以及构设电磁环境和想定电磁环境逼真度评估方法,并通过实例计算分析了逼真度评估的过程。     

战场电磁环境相似构设技术框架研究

战场电磁环境构设的需求有两方面：部队训练电磁环境构设和装备试验电磁环境构设。构建了基于相似性科学的战场电磁环境相似构设技术框架。研究了战场电磁环境构设的相似建模技术,主要针对电磁设备实体及其行为进行建模;研究了构设系统的相似分析技术,构设系统相似度以构成要素相似度和要素特性相似度为基础综合衡量系统相似度;研究了相似仿真技术,阐述了其技术原理和方法程序。以电子对抗部队训练电磁环境构设为例,讨论了多种构设建模手段的综合运用。     

四川某预备役师首长机关对抗训练取得重要进展

最近,这个师成功地组织了红军加强摩步团进攻与蓝军加强机步营防御首长机关(携带通信工具)室内沙盘兵棋对抗演习。组织这种团级规模的合同战术演习在该师尚属首次。为了搞好这次演习,他们在课题新、难度大、要求高、无经验借鉴的情况下,认真学习研究,积极探索总结,把对抗训练作为提高首长机关分析判断和决策指挥能力的突破口,从现代战争作战指挥领域广、判断决策要求高、组织指挥复杂的实际出发,提出了“蓝军”的合成体才是红军对抗主体的思路,使对抗训练有了明确的目标。为了使演习演得实、抗得活,他们认真研究了“蓝军”作战思想和战术手段,并对“蓝军”的防御体系、工事构筑、兵力运用等进行了重点研究,在演练中切实按照“蓝军”的作战原则进行训练。从而避免了以红军战术对红军战术的局面。演练中,他     

基于信号仿真的通信干扰压制系数计算方法

针对目前计算通信干扰压制系数方法存在的缺陷,引入信号仿真计算方法。介绍了通信干扰压制系数计算模型,研究了基于信号仿真的通信干扰压制系数计算,结合典型通信干扰战术背景,计算了不同样式干扰信号对模拟语音调频通信的干扰压制系数。实验结果表明,该方法能为通信对抗战术计算中根据通信装备和通信对抗装备的性能参数高精度、经济地计算通信干扰压制系数提供一种通用的方法。     

舰载通信对抗系统战术运用研究

舰载通信对抗系统对敌目标实施通信干扰是海战场夺取制信息权的重要手段。运用电波传播理论、干扰方程、海军战术等理论,给出了舰载通信干扰压制区和有效作用范围的确定和计算方法及干扰舰的阵位配置,干扰目标(通信网)和时机的优选原则,为舰载通信对抗系统战术运用提供了理论依据,较好地满足了舰载通信对抗系统的作战需求。     

防空导弹武器系统复杂电磁干扰环境构建方法

提升复杂电磁环境构建逼真度,将构建场景最大程度地接近想定场景是防空导弹武器研制过程中亟待解决的重大问题。通过分析防空作战面临的电磁干扰环境,从干扰场景、干扰战术、干扰技术、干扰强度4个方面的等效模拟给出了电磁干扰环境构建逼真性定量指标,提出了防空导弹武器系统复杂电磁干扰环境的构建方法,对防空导弹武器的试验验证工作提供借鉴意义。     

计算机模拟对抗演习辅助讲评系统研究

针对提高计算机模拟对抗演习系统训练效果的需求,提出与计算机模拟对抗演习系统配套使用的辅助讲评系统。在确定系统设计目标的基础上,设计了系统总体结构,分析了各子系统的主要功能,阐述了系统数据流程,最后实现了原型系统。该系统通过记录对抗演习过程中产生的大量历史数据,在演习结束或者阶段结束后进行数据采集、分析和回放,以辅助导演部或指挥员对演习过程做出全面客观的评价,从而达到帮助参演人员对演习过程进行分析评估、查找问题、总结经验教训的目的。     

基于敌我对抗信息的目标机动态势估计

如果空袭目标距离被攻击目标比较近,飞行员为了完成作战任务和战术生存,通常采取一定的进攻战术。可对进攻战术意图进行推理,并对目标在射弹飞行时间内可能的机动模式进行估计。但是,如果空袭目标距离被攻击目标比较远时,由于作战任务的约束条件不强,目标通常以战术生存为主,因此,提出了基于敌我对抗信息的目标机动态势估计模型。首先分析在实战环境下影响目标飞行航路的周围环境因素,和在敌我对抗态势下经常采取的战术生存机动,然后建立基于贝叶斯网络的目标机动态势预测模型,最后进行了仿真实例验证所建立模型有效性。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.