基于离差最大化的对地攻击型无人机作战效能评估

针对传统作战效能评估方法在确定权重系数时的主观随意性较大等问题,提出采用离差最大化方法来评估无人机作战效能。首先建立了攻击型无人机空地作战效能指标的层次结构,然后建立了基于离差最大化的攻击型无人机空地作战效能评估的数学模型,并给出了各分项能力的计算模型,最后以6种无人机空地作战效能评估为例,计算并验证了模型的有效性和合理性。     

面向任务的有人机/无人机协同对地攻击概率模型

有人机/无人机协同对地攻击是未来空对地打击的主要作战样式,如何评估其协同作战的效能是军地双方共同面对的重要课题。首先根据完成对地攻击任务的4个环节建立了对地攻击的总概率模型;然后基于桥联模型建立了各个环节的概率模型;最后给出了一架有人机协同两架无人机对地攻击的算例,并对模型反算、协同与非协同对比以及多波次攻击等问题进行了讨论和分析,验证了模型良好可用性和广泛适用性。     

有人机/无人机协同效果评估模型设计

针对目前有人机/无人机协同效果评估缺乏科学方法的现状,在确定了有人机/无人机指控体系结构的基础上,给出了一种新的基于复杂网络的有人机/无人机协同作战网络模型描述方法,进而生成了一种有人机/无人机协同作战协同效果评估模型,并运用该模型对有人机/无人机协同作战网络拓扑模型进行了协同效果评估.     

基于ADC分析法优化的无人机效能评估方法

针对将ADC法应用于察打无人机对地攻击任务的效能评估问题,首先,对经典ADC方法进行模型创新,重新构建能力矩阵;然后,将改进ADC方法用于3款典型察打无人机(MQ-9、翼龙-2、TB-2)对地攻击效能评估,根据作战过程分析和评价指标梳理,设计效能评估指标体系和能力表达公式;最后,采用层次分析法对不同能力指标赋予权重系数,综合得出效能评估结果。效能评估结果表明,MQ-9、翼龙-2、TB-2这3型无人机在对地攻击任务中的作战效能分别为0.6293、0.5962、0.4822,可知MQ-9综合作战能力及作战效能较高,而其余两型无人机可在远距作战能力及协同侦察能力等指标中进行改进提升。研究结果可用于评估和比较不同察打无人机的作战效能,分析不同指标对作战效能的影响程度,提炼出关键能力指标和改进方向,对无人机装备的立项论证和作战使用提供理论参考。     

面向典型任务的有人/无人机协同效能评估

有人/无人机协同作战是C4ISR体系下的一种重要形式.本文以有人/无人机协同执行典型任务为研究背景,针对构建可靠、全面的有人/无人机协同效能理论评估方法的问题展开深入研究.首先分析了未来有人/无人机的协同模式和运用规则;然后采用协同系统综合指数模型,在单机能力模型的基础上,提出了一种有人/无人机编队协同效能评估方法;最...     

对地攻击型无人机作战效能评估

由于对地攻击型无人机与有人机在性能参数和作战方式等方面存在诸多不同,为了评估其作战效能,首先建立了对地攻击型无人机作战效能评估的指标体系,然后在此基础上建立了对地攻击型无人机的综合指标模型,同时对效能模型中各分项能力的评估模型进行了完善。最后以6种无人机综合作战效能评估为例计算并检验了模型的可用性。     

复杂对抗条件下反辐射无人机作战效能分析

在研究反辐射无人机对地攻击的各重要环节的基础上,建立了反辐射无人机作战效能评估模型,分析了火力对抗对反辐射无人机突防概率的影响,详细阐述了电子对抗的方式及作用原理,对实施电子对抗对反辐射无人机命中毁伤概率的影响进行了定量评估,得出了反辐射无人机的作战效能与火力和电子对抗的关系。算例分析表明,火力和电子对抗是降低反辐射无人机作战效能的重要因素,二者联合作用可使其作战效能迅速下降。     

基于云模型和FAHP熵权的空地弹药效能评估

准确、科学地评估空地弹药的作战效能,对武器装备的设计、研制、试验、采购、作战使用及维护具有重要的意义。充分利用云模型可将定性指标的模糊性和随机性有效结合的特点,构建了空地弹药作战效能的综合云评估模型。针对现有确定指标权重的方法存在主观性较强的不足,提出一种基于模糊层次分析法(FAHP)熵权的权重确定方法,有效利用了主观信息和客观信息。实例分析表明该模型可准确、客观、有效地评估空地弹药的作战效能。     

舰载无人机对海突击作战效能评估研究

舰载无人机是现代海军的重要装备,对舰载无人机作战效能的研究是近年来作战效能评估领域研究的热点。针对舰载无人机对海突击作战效能评估问题,提出了一种将层次分析法(AHP)、模糊综合评判法(FCE)和ADC法相结合的方法。基于舰载无人机对海突击作战使命任务,运用OODA环理论抽象出舰载无人机对海突击作战任务剖面,开展了关于舰载无人机对海突击作战能力的研究,引入对抗因子Z,通过建立效能评估指标体系,构建舰载无人机对海突击作战效能评估模型,同时引入算例对模型进行验证。通过算例计算出舰载无人机作战效能为0.8602,并对其作战过程进行仿真推演,表明了模型的可行性,为舰载无人机的设计论证和作战运用提供技术支撑。     

未来有人机/无人机智能协同作战顶层概念思考

无人机已成为现代与未来战争中不可或缺的重要力量,正在逐步改变作战样式,并可能颠覆战争形态.有人机/无人机智能协同作战使无人机更好地融入作战体系,不仅能充分发挥无人机的作战能力,更可进一步实现体系效能增强的作用.从有人机/无人机智能协同作战的概念和军事需求出发,分析总结美军智能协同作战的发展现状和特点,针对未来有人机/无...     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.