战斗机近距格斗时航炮命中评估

针对战斗机近距格斗时航炮武器系统命中评估存在的不足,建立了包括探测雷达、火控系统和火力系统误差的评估模型,编制了相应计算程序。对航炮火力系统性能对命中概率的影响进行了计算分析,得到了通过提高航炮射速、增加航弹射击数量及增大射弹炮口初速等手段可以提高命中能力的结论。本评估方法与模型的研究,为未来战斗机各武器系统精度合理匹配提供了理论基础。     

子母弹射击精度的仿真研究

提出了子母弹命中目标的定义,研究了子母弹射击误差的组成与概率分布,建立了计算子母弹命中概率的两种仿真计算模型--直接模拟子母弹射击误差法和射击误差模拟与数值积分相结合的方法.给出了对圆形目标和矩形目标的具体计算方法,以及正态分布随机向量和均匀分布随机向量的产生方法,根据算例的结果,讨论了子弹重迭度对子母弹首发命中概率的影响.比较了两种不同仿真方法的计算结果.     

初速可控舰炮对海上目标命中概率的影响

针对新能源技术发射弹丸初速可控的新特点,研究初速对命中概率的影响。建立海上目标运动模型,利用Cramer-Rao下界理论得到目标运动要素估计误差的计算模型。根据海上目标特点,推导出弹丸外弹道方程及目标命中界计算模型,并对射击误差进行分析,得到弹丸对海上目标的命中概率模型。分析了射击误差、目标距离、弹丸射角和初速对目标命中概率的影响,结果表明对视距内海上目标存在最佳弹丸初速使命中概率达到最大。     

子母弹首发命中概率

提出了子母弹命中目标的定义,研究了子母弹射击误差的组成、母弹误差和子弹误差的概率分布,射击误差的转换及转换条件,建立了子母弹首发命中概率模型并推导出4种不同条件下子母弹首发命中概率公式,并导出了首发命中概率所满足关系。以算例分析了子母弹的母弹误差、子母的散布误差及目标幅员对子母弹首发命中概率的影响,结论为子母弹射击精度战术技术指标的分析论证及子母弹的射击法则研究提供了基础。     

基于命中概率的海警舰炮对海试射问题研究

为研究水面舰艇在维权执法任务中舰炮武器试射问题,提高海警舰艇舰炮武器运用能力,基于舰炮命中概率构建了仿真模型,通过仿真计算得出了不同试射决策下目标分布概率误差随射击距离的变化,并分析了射击命中概率与射击距离的关系,进一步得出了海警舰艇试射决策：即当射击距离小于等于4 500 m时不应进行试射,且射击距离小于4 000 m时,不试射的命中概率较高与不引入新误差的命中概率几乎一致;当射击距离大于4 500 m时,可根据现场情况进行试射。研究成果可以为海警舰艇执行维权任务提供参考。     

舰载火箭炮命中概率计算模型*

为了在作战使用过程中合理决策,需要对舰载火箭炮射击效力进行评估,其中命中概率是衡量火箭炮射击效力的一个重要指标。针对舰载火箭炮射击特点,在分析了射击误差的基础上,建立了舰载火箭炮一发命中概率和多发命中概率计算模型。该模型具有计算速度快、精度高等优点,为舰载火箭炮对岸作战能力的计算和射击指挥决策方案的制定提供了科学依据。     

坦克稳像火控系统射击精度分析

从射击准备和射弹散布两个方面,对坦克稳像火控系统射击误差进行了较全面地分析,提出了射击误差的计算方法,并在此基础上对坦克使用稳像火控系统射击时的首发命中概率进行了计算     

直瞄武器射击综合条件命中概率的研究

根据直瞄武器可对任意距离、任意形状目标进行射击的特性,建立了在平均弹着点与目标中心不重合时求解命中概率的数学模型,提出了以综合条件命中概率作为评价直瞄坦克对装甲目标射击的效率指标,利用心形分布函数对不同方位角上的条件命中概率加权求和计算综合条件命中概率.在实战模拟和火力运用研究方面具有良好的运用效果.     

某型坦克对钢筋混凝土工事的射击效能分析

依据弹丸侵彻深度、毁伤概率、命中概率数学模型 ,结合敌海岸防御工事的特点 ,分析了某型坦克炮各种弹种的射击效能 ,计算了坦克在海上射击时对各种目标和工事的命中概率和毁伤概率 ,作出了在不同射击距离上选择不同弹种进行射击的结论。     

CUDA全方位鱼雷直航射击概率图的实时计算

直航射击是经典的鱼雷攻击方式,射击命中概率分布图是指挥员进行鱼雷攻击的重要决策依据,在考虑各观测量误差的情形下,给出了计算直航鱼雷射击命中概率的解析公式,并将该公式移植到CUDA中并行计算完成,得到了全方位实时鱼雷直航射击概率图,为指挥员现场战术决策提供重要依据.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.